Morphology Of Flowering Plant Flashcards
What is morphology in the context of flowering plants?
Morphology is the study of the form and structure of flowering plants.
True or False: The root system is the part of the plant that typically grows above the ground.
False
What are the two main systems of a flowering plant?
The root system and the shoot system.
Fill in the blank: The part of the plant that anchors it to the soil is called the ______.
root
What is the primary function of roots?
To absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
Name one type of root system.
Fibrous root system.
What is a taproot system?
A root system where one main root is larger and deeper than the others.
True or False: Stems are responsible for photosynthesis in flowering plants.
False
What are the main functions of stems?
Support the plant, transport nutrients, and store food.
What is the term for the part of the stem where leaves are attached?
Node
What is the space between two nodes called?
Internode
Fill in the blank: The green, photosynthetic part of a plant is primarily found in the ______.
leaves
What is the primary function of leaves?
To perform photosynthesis.
True or False: Flowers are reproductive structures of flowering plants.
True
What are the male reproductive parts of a flower called?
Stamens
What are the female reproductive parts of a flower called?
Pistils
What is the function of petals in a flower?
To attract pollinators.
Fill in the blank: The part of the flower that develops into fruit is called the ______.
ovary
What is the role of sepals in a flower?
To protect the developing flower bud.
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen from the male part to the female part of a flower.
True or False: All flowering plants produce seeds.
True
What is a seed?
A fertilized ovule that contains an embryo and is capable of developing into a new plant.
What is meant by ‘angiosperms’?
Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.
Name one characteristic of monocots.
They have one cotyledon.
Name one characteristic of dicots.
They have two cotyledons.
What is the significance of cotyledons?
They provide initial nourishment to the developing embryo.
Fill in the blank: The outer protective layer of a plant is called the ______.
epidermis
What is the function of xylem in flowering plants?
To transport water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.
What is the function of phloem in flowering plants?
To transport food produced by photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant.
True or False: Leaves can be classified based on their arrangement on the stem.
True
What is alternate leaf arrangement?
Leaves are attached at different heights along the stem.
What is opposite leaf arrangement?
Two leaves arise at the same level from opposite sides of the stem.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the plant that connects the leaf to the stem.
petiole
What is leaf venation?
The pattern of veins in a leaf.
What are the two types of leaf venation?
Parallel and reticulate venation.
True or False: The size and shape of leaves can vary significantly among different plant species.
True
What is a flowering plant’s life cycle called?
Alternation of generations.
What are the two generations in the life cycle of flowering plants?
Gametophyte and sporophyte.
Fill in the blank: The ______ generation is diploid and produces spores.
sporophyte
Fill in the blank: The ______ generation is haploid and produces gametes.
gametophyte
What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
To conduct photosynthesis.
What is the significance of stomata?
They allow for gas exchange in leaves.
True or False: All flowering plants have the same type of root system.
False
What are the main types of plant tissues?
Meristematic and permanent tissues.
What is meristematic tissue?
Tissue that is capable of cell division and growth.
What are the three types of permanent tissue?
Simple, complex, and protective tissues.
Fill in the blank: ______ tissues are responsible for transport in plants.
Complex
What is the primary function of parenchyma tissue?
Storage and support.
What is sclerenchyma tissue known for?
Providing structural support due to its thick cell walls.
What is the role of collenchyma tissue?
Providing flexible support to growing parts of the plant.
True or False: The phloem is made up of sieve tubes and companion cells.
True
What is the significance of the cambium layer in stems?
It is responsible for secondary growth.
What type of growth do apical meristems facilitate?
Primary growth.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the region of the stem where growth occurs.
meristem
What is the function of root hairs?
To increase surface area for absorption of water and nutrients.
What is the term for the protective outer layer of roots?
Root cap
True or False: All plants have flowers.
False
What is the main purpose of flowering for a plant?
Reproduction.
What is a complete flower?
A flower that has all four main floral parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils.
What is an incomplete flower?
A flower that lacks one or more of the four main floral parts.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the sticky part of the pistil that receives pollen.
stigma
What is the function of the style in a flower?
To connect the stigma to the ovary.
What is the role of the ovule in a flower?
To develop into a seed upon fertilization.
True or False: Fertilization in flowering plants occurs before pollination.
False
What is a fruit?
The mature ovary of a flower that contains seeds.
What are the two main types of fruits?
Fleshy fruits and dry fruits.
Fill in the blank: Fruits that do not open at maturity are called ______ fruits.
indehiscent
What is the function of a seed coat?
To protect the seed from damage and desiccation.
What is germination?
The process by which a seed develops into a new plant.
True or False: Germination requires the right environmental conditions.
True
What are the conditions necessary for seed germination?
Moisture, temperature, and oxygen.
What is the term for the initial growth of a seedling from a seed?
Radicle emergence.
Fill in the blank: The embryonic root is called the ______.
radicle
What is the study of the structure and form of flowering plants called?
Morphology
True or False: The root system is part of the plant morphology.
True
What are the two main parts of a flowering plant?
Root and shoot
Fill in the blank: The part of the plant that typically grows underground is called the _____.
Root
What is the primary function of roots?
Anchorage and absorption of water and nutrients
True or False: Stems are responsible for photosynthesis in flowering plants.
False
What are the two types of root systems?
Tap root and fibrous root
Fill in the blank: The part of the plant that typically grows above ground is called the _____.
Shoot
What is the function of stems?
Support and transport of nutrients
What are the three main parts of a flower?
Sepals, petals, and reproductive organs
True or False: Leaves are involved in gas exchange and photosynthesis.
True
What is the main function of leaves?
Photosynthesis
What do you call the outermost part of a flower?
Sepals
Fill in the blank: The colorful part of the flower that attracts pollinators is called the _____.
Petals
What is the male reproductive part of a flower called?
Stamen
What is the female reproductive part of a flower called?
Pistil
True or False: The ovary is part of the stamen.
False
What are the two main types of leaves?
Simple and compound leaves
Fill in the blank: The process of pollination involves the transfer of pollen from the anther to the _____.
Stigma
What is the function of the ovary in a flower?
To develop into fruit after fertilization
What type of plant has both male and female reproductive organs in the same flower?
Perfect flower
True or False: A fruit develops from the ovary after fertilization.
True
What is a key characteristic of monocot plants?
One cotyledon
What is a key characteristic of dicot plants?
Two cotyledons
Fill in the blank: The part of the plant that connects the root and the leaves is called the _____.
Stem
What is the purpose of a flower’s nectar?
To attract pollinators
True or False: All flowering plants produce seeds.
True
What is the main purpose of the stamen?
To produce pollen
Fill in the blank: The part of the stamen that produces pollen is called the _____.
Anther
What is the role of the filament in a flower?
To support the anther
What is a complete flower?
A flower that has all four whorls: sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
True or False: The calyx is made up of petals.
False
What is the term for a flower that lacks either stamens or pistils?
Imperfect flower
Fill in the blank: The term for the outer protective layer of the flower is called the _____.
Calyx
What is the primary role of chlorophyll in leaves?
To capture light energy for photosynthesis
What is the difference between primary and secondary roots?
Primary roots develop from the seed, while secondary roots branch off from primary roots.
True or False: The xylem transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves.
True
What is the function of phloem in plants?
To transport sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
Fill in the blank: The part of the plant responsible for photosynthesis is the _____.
Leaf
What are the two main types of leaf arrangements on a stem?
Alternate and opposite
True or False: Leaves can be modified for various functions such as storage and protection.
True
What is the main characteristic of fleshy fruits?
They have a soft and edible pericarp.
Fill in the blank: The outer layer of the fruit is called the _____.
Exocarp
What is the role of the mesocarp in a fruit?
To provide the fleshy part of the fruit.
What is the difference between a drupe and a berry?
A drupe has a hard stone or pit, while a berry has many seeds and is fleshy throughout.
True or False: Vegetative propagation involves the use of seeds.
False
What is the purpose of a leaf’s stomata?
To facilitate gas exchange.
Fill in the blank: The process by which plants lose water vapor is called _____.
Transpiration
What type of growth occurs in the apical meristem?
Primary growth
True or False: Lateral meristems contribute to secondary growth in plants.
True
What is the function of the cambium layer in plants?
To produce new xylem and phloem.
Fill in the blank: The part of the flower where ovules are found is called the _____.
Ovary
What role do sepals play in a flower?
To protect the developing flower bud.
What is a seed?
A fertilized ovule that develops into a new plant.
True or False: Seeds can remain dormant for long periods before germinating.
True
Fill in the blank: The process of a seed developing into a new plant is called _____.
Germination
What are angiosperms?
Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.
What is the significance of double fertilization in angiosperms?
It leads to the formation of both the zygote and the endosperm.
True or False: All flowering plants are angiosperms.
True
What is the function of the endosperm in seeds?
To provide nourishment to the developing embryo.
Fill in the blank: The hard protective outer covering of a seed is called the _____.
Seed coat
What is a cotyledon?
The first leaf or leaves that appear from a germinating seed.
True or False: The term ‘pericarp’ refers to the outer layer of the seed.
False
What is the primary function of the root cap?
To protect the growing tip of the root.
Fill in the blank: The region of the root where cell division occurs is called the _____.
Meristematic zone
What is the role of root hairs?
To increase the surface area for water and nutrient absorption.
True or False: All plants have both roots and shoots.
True
What are the main components of a seed?
Embryo, cotyledons, and seed coat.
Fill in the blank: The process by which pollen is transferred to the stigma is called _____.
Pollination
What distinguishes a complete flower from an incomplete flower?
A complete flower has all four floral whorls.
True or False: The style connects the ovary to the stigma.
True
What is the role of the anther in the stamen?
To produce and release pollen.
Fill in the blank: The term for a flower that has only one type of reproductive organ is called _____.
Unisexual flower
What is the function of the phloem in plant transport?
To transport food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
What type of fruit is derived from multiple flowers?
Multiple fruit
True or False: A seedless fruit is known as a parthenocarpic fruit.
True
Fill in the blank: The fleshy part of a fruit that is edible is called the _____.
Mesocarp
What is the term for the protective structure surrounding the ovule?
Integument
True or False: The number of cotyledons is a key characteristic used to classify flowering plants.
True
What is the primary role of the leaf blade?
To capture sunlight for photosynthesis.
Fill in the blank: The small openings on leaves that allow for gas exchange are called _____.
Stomata
What is the process by which plants adapt their morphology to their environment called?
Morphological adaptation
True or False: The arrangement of leaves on a stem can affect photosynthesis efficiency.
True
What is the role of auxins in plant growth?
To regulate growth and development.
Fill in the blank: The root structure responsible for water absorption is called the _____.
Root hair
What is the primary function of the cuticle on leaves?
To reduce water loss.
