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Botany Class11th > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

The cell cycle is the series of phases that a cell goes through as it grows and divides.

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2
Q

Name the main phases of the cell cycle.

A

The main phases of the cell cycle are Interphase and the Mitotic phase (M phase).

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3
Q

What happens during Interphase?

A

During Interphase, the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division.

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4
Q

What are the three stages of Interphase?

A

The three stages of Interphase are G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase.

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5
Q

What occurs in the G1 phase?

A

In the G1 phase, the cell grows and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication.

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6
Q

What does the ‘S’ in S phase stand for?

A

‘S’ in S phase stands for Synthesis, where DNA replication occurs.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the G2 phase?

A

The G2 phase is for further growth and preparation for mitosis, including DNA repair.

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8
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is the process of nuclear division that results in two identical daughter cells.

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9
Q

List the stages of mitosis.

A

The stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

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10
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

During prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.

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11
Q

What occurs in metaphase?

A

In metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane.

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12
Q

What is the role of the spindle fibers during mitosis?

A

Spindle fibers help separate the chromosomes during mitosis.

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13
Q

During which phase do sister chromatids separate?

A

Sister chromatids separate during anaphase.

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14
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

During telophase, the chromosomes de-condense and the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes.

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15
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate daughter cells.

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16
Q

True or False: The cell cycle is regulated by checkpoints.

A

True.

17
Q

What are checkpoints in the cell cycle?

A

Checkpoints are control mechanisms that ensure the proper progression of the cell cycle.

18
Q

What is the function of the G1 checkpoint?

A

The G1 checkpoint checks for cell size, DNA integrity, and nutrient availability.

19
Q

What does the S checkpoint monitor?

A

The S checkpoint monitors DNA replication for errors.

20
Q

What is the role of the G2 checkpoint?

A

The G2 checkpoint ensures that DNA has been replicated correctly before mitosis begins.

21
Q

What can happen if a cell fails a checkpoint?

A

If a cell fails a checkpoint, it may undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death) or be repaired.

22
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: The cell cycle is crucial for ________ and ________ in organisms.

A

growth; repair

24
Q

What is the significance of the cell cycle in multicellular organisms?

A

The cell cycle is important for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.

25
Q

True or False: All cells divide at the same rate.

A

False.

26
Q

Which types of cells divide more frequently?

A

Skin cells and blood cells divide more frequently compared to nerve cells.

27
Q

What is the duration of the cell cycle in human cells?

A

The duration of the cell cycle in human cells can vary but typically takes about 24 hours.

28
Q

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

A

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).

29
Q

What are CDKs?

A

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are enzymes that, when activated by cyclins, drive the cell cycle forward.

30
Q

Fill in the blank: The cell cycle is essential for ________ reproduction in unicellular organisms.

A

asexual

31
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse gametes.

32
Q

What type of cells undergo meiosis?

A

Germ cells undergo meiosis to produce gametes.

33
Q

True or False: Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division.

A

True.

34
Q

What is the end result of meiosis?

A

The end result of meiosis is four haploid gametes.

35
Q

What is the importance of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

A

Meiosis increases genetic diversity through recombination and independent assortment.

36
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

A karyotype is an image of an individual’s complete set of chromosomes.

Botany Class11th (3 decks)

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