Morphology Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

affix

A

a type of bound morpheme–prefrix, infix, and suffix

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2
Q

affixation

A

attaching an affix to a base morpheme

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3
Q

agglutinating language

A

language in which words are made up of a linear sequence of distinct morphemes and each component of meaning is represented by its own morpheme.

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4
Q

allomorph

A

Nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar. For example, the English plural morpheme can appear as [s] as in cats, [z] as in dogs, or [‘z] as in churches. Each of these three pronunciations is said to be an allomorph of the same morpheme.

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5
Q

alternation

A

a morpheme that exhibits variations in its phological realization. examples include s/es dogs sounds like dogz

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6
Q

ambiguity

A

a quality of langauge that makes speech open to multiple interpretations

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7
Q

analytic language

A

a language that conveys relationships between words in sentences by way of helper words like prepositions, and word order

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8
Q

bound morpheme

A

a morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme to create meaning

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9
Q

bound root

A

root morphemes which cannot appear on its own. eg: receive (ceive) dissuade

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10
Q

closed lexical category

A

morphemes that cannot be added to other words

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11
Q

compounding

A

2 or more words that are tadded together to form a new word with an entirely new meaning

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12
Q

conjunction

A

a word used to connect caluses or sentences (and, but, if)

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13
Q

content morpheme

A

morphemes that express content or meaning, like a bound verb or adjective

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14
Q

content word

A

open class words that possess semantic content and contribute to the meaning of the sentence or phrase in which they occur

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15
Q

derivation

A

a bound morpheme affix that changes the part of speech of the word when added. ie.. happy adds un to make it unhappy adjective to noun. new word, new meaning

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16
Q

determiner

A

a word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun to express reference of that noun in context. examples: articles (the, a, an) demonstrations (this that)

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17
Q

form

A

a meaningful unit of speech

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18
Q

free morpheme

A

a morpheme that can stand alone as words by themselves. ‘boy’ ‘car’

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19
Q

function morpheme

A

words that do not have clear meaning, but have grammatical functions. CLOSED. cannot be added to other morphemes. conjuctions, prepositions, article. eg ‘he’ ‘we’

20
Q

function word

A

words that express syntactic relationships between units in a sentence and tie elements together dramatically “alex AND dallas”

21
Q

fusional language

A

languages that use a single inflectional morpheme to denote multiple grammatical, syntactic or semantic features. Spanish is one

22
Q

hierarchical structure

A

words are made up of 1 or more morphemes

23
Q

homophony

A

sets of words that are pronounced the same but with different meaning

24
Q

incorporation

A

a phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object (object incorporation) or adverbial modifier, while retaining its original syntactic function.

25
Q

infix

A

a bound morpheme added to the middle of a word to change its meaning

26
Q

inflection

A

A bound morpheme affix used to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word eg: s added to boy to make boys. all suffixes. do not change part of speech

27
Q

input

A

the processible language the learners are exposed to while listening or reading

28
Q

lexical category

A

lexical morphemes are known as open calss because you can add other morphemes to these words. nounds, verbs, and adjectives

29
Q

lexicon

A

vocabulary

30
Q

morpheme

A

the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language

31
Q

morphology

A

the study of structure of the words and word formation

32
Q

open lexical category

A

can add morphemes to these words

33
Q

output

A

the language that someone produces

34
Q

partial reduplication

A

forming a new word by doubling part of a word. very rare in English. example HOCUS-POCUS

35
Q

polysynthetic language

A

languages in which words are composed of many morphemes

36
Q

prefix

A

a derivational bound morpheme added to the beginning of a word/other morpheme re, pre, un, ex, mis, co

37
Q

preposition

A

words that precede a noun phrase that they introduce. eg: in, on, under, with

38
Q

productive

A

the limitless ability to use langauge to say new things

39
Q

pronoun

A

He, She, Her , We

40
Q

reduplicant

A

a word formed by doubling the word. rare in english. partial redupliant example HOCUS-POCUS

41
Q

reduplication

A

forming a new word either by doubling an entire word or part of a word. very rare in English. partial reduplication example HOCUS-POCUS

42
Q

root

A

wods that are the basic part of a word that carries meaning. eg- teach

43
Q

simultaneous affix

A

an affix in sign lanague. an affix articulated at the same time as some other affixes in the words stem

44
Q

stem

A

when a root morpheme is combined with an affix morpheme. teach is the root. ad -er to make the stem ‘teacher’

45
Q

suffix

A

a derrivational blound morpheme that is added to the end of another morpheme, ish, less, ly

46
Q

suppletion

A

a relationship between forms of a word wherein form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other. very rare. examples are am to was. go to went. good-better