Morphology Chapter 4

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

a type of bound morpheme–prefrix, infix, and suffix

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

attaching an affix to a base morpheme

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

language in which words are made up of a linear sequence of distinct morphemes and each component of meaning is represented by its own morpheme.

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

Nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar. For example, the English plural morpheme can appear as [s] as in cats, [z] as in dogs, or [‘z] as in churches. Each of these three pronunciations is said to be an allomorph of the same morpheme.

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

a morpheme that exhibits variations in its phological realization. examples include s/es dogs sounds like dogz

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

a quality of langauge that makes speech open to multiple interpretations

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

a language that conveys relationships between words in sentences by way of helper words like prepositions, and word order

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

a morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme to create meaning

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

root morphemes which cannot appear on its own. eg: receive (ceive) dissuade

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

morphemes that cannot be added to other words

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

2 or more words that are tadded together to form a new word with an entirely new meaning

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

a word used to connect caluses or sentences (and, but, if)

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

morphemes that express content or meaning, like a bound verb or adjective

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

open class words that possess semantic content and contribute to the meaning of the sentence or phrase in which they occur

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

a bound morpheme affix that changes the part of speech of the word when added. ie.. happy adds un to make it unhappy adjective to noun. new word, new meaning

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

a word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun to express reference of that noun in context. examples: articles (the, a, an) demonstrations (this that)

Question 17

form

Answer 17

a meaningful unit of speech

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

a morpheme that can stand alone as words by themselves. ‘boy’ ‘car’

Question 19

function morpheme

Answer 19

words that do not have clear meaning, but have grammatical functions. CLOSED. cannot be added to other morphemes. conjuctions, prepositions, article. eg ‘he’ ‘we’

Question 20

function word

Answer 20

words that express syntactic relationships between units in a sentence and tie elements together dramatically “alex AND dallas”

Question 21

fusional language

Answer 21

languages that use a single inflectional morpheme to denote multiple grammatical, syntactic or semantic features. Spanish is one

Question 22

hierarchical structure

Answer 22

words are made up of 1 or more morphemes

Question 23

homophony

Answer 23

sets of words that are pronounced the same but with different meaning

Question 24

incorporation

Answer 24

a phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object (object incorporation) or adverbial modifier, while retaining its original syntactic function.

Question 25

infix

Answer 25

a bound morpheme added to the middle of a word to change its meaning

Question 26

inflection

Answer 26

A bound morpheme affix used to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word eg: s added to boy to make boys. all suffixes. do not change part of speech

Question 27

input

Answer 27

the processible language the learners are exposed to while listening or reading

Question 28

lexical category

Answer 28

lexical morphemes are known as open calss because you can add other morphemes to these words. nounds, verbs, and adjectives

Question 29

lexicon

Answer 29

vocabulary

Question 30

morpheme

Answer 30

the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language

Question 31

morphology

Answer 31

the study of structure of the words and word formation

Question 32

open lexical category

Answer 32

can add morphemes to these words

Question 33

output

Answer 33

the language that someone produces

Question 34

partial reduplication

Answer 34

forming a new word by doubling part of a word. very rare in English. example HOCUS-POCUS

Question 35

polysynthetic language

Answer 35

languages in which words are composed of many morphemes

Question 36

prefix

Answer 36

a derivational bound morpheme added to the beginning of a word/other morpheme re, pre, un, ex, mis, co

Question 37

preposition

Answer 37

words that precede a noun phrase that they introduce. eg: in, on, under, with

Question 38

productive

Answer 38

the limitless ability to use langauge to say new things

Question 39

pronoun

Answer 39

He, She, Her , We

Question 40

reduplicant

Answer 40

a word formed by doubling the word. rare in english. partial redupliant example HOCUS-POCUS

Question 41

reduplication

Answer 41

forming a new word either by doubling an entire word or part of a word. very rare in English. partial reduplication example HOCUS-POCUS

Question 42

root

Answer 42

wods that are the basic part of a word that carries meaning. eg- teach

Question 43

simultaneous affix

Answer 43

an affix in sign lanague. an affix articulated at the same time as some other affixes in the words stem

Question 44

stem

Answer 44

when a root morpheme is combined with an affix morpheme. teach is the root. ad -er to make the stem ‘teacher’

Question 45

suffix

Answer 45

a derrivational blound morpheme that is added to the end of another morpheme, ish, less, ly

Question 46

suppletion

Answer 46

a relationship between forms of a word wherein form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other. very rare. examples are am to was. go to went. good-better