Morphology Chapter 4 Flashcards
affix
a type of bound morpheme–prefrix, infix, and suffix
affixation
attaching an affix to a base morpheme
agglutinating language
language in which words are made up of a linear sequence of distinct morphemes and each component of meaning is represented by its own morpheme.
allomorph
Nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar. For example, the English plural morpheme can appear as [s] as in cats, [z] as in dogs, or [‘z] as in churches. Each of these three pronunciations is said to be an allomorph of the same morpheme.
alternation
a morpheme that exhibits variations in its phological realization. examples include s/es dogs sounds like dogz
ambiguity
a quality of langauge that makes speech open to multiple interpretations
analytic language
a language that conveys relationships between words in sentences by way of helper words like prepositions, and word order
bound morpheme
a morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme to create meaning
bound root
root morphemes which cannot appear on its own. eg: receive (ceive) dissuade
closed lexical category
morphemes that cannot be added to other words
compounding
2 or more words that are tadded together to form a new word with an entirely new meaning
conjunction
a word used to connect caluses or sentences (and, but, if)
content morpheme
morphemes that express content or meaning, like a bound verb or adjective
content word
open class words that possess semantic content and contribute to the meaning of the sentence or phrase in which they occur
derivation
a bound morpheme affix that changes the part of speech of the word when added. ie.. happy adds un to make it unhappy adjective to noun. new word, new meaning
determiner
a word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun to express reference of that noun in context. examples: articles (the, a, an) demonstrations (this that)
form
a meaningful unit of speech
free morpheme
a morpheme that can stand alone as words by themselves. ‘boy’ ‘car’
function morpheme
words that do not have clear meaning, but have grammatical functions. CLOSED. cannot be added to other morphemes. conjuctions, prepositions, article. eg ‘he’ ‘we’
function word
words that express syntactic relationships between units in a sentence and tie elements together dramatically “alex AND dallas”
fusional language
languages that use a single inflectional morpheme to denote multiple grammatical, syntactic or semantic features. Spanish is one
hierarchical structure
words are made up of 1 or more morphemes
homophony
sets of words that are pronounced the same but with different meaning
incorporation
a phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object (object incorporation) or adverbial modifier, while retaining its original syntactic function.
infix
a bound morpheme added to the middle of a word to change its meaning
inflection
A bound morpheme affix used to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word eg: s added to boy to make boys. all suffixes. do not change part of speech
input
the processible language the learners are exposed to while listening or reading
lexical category
lexical morphemes are known as open calss because you can add other morphemes to these words. nounds, verbs, and adjectives
lexicon
vocabulary
morpheme
the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language
morphology
the study of structure of the words and word formation
open lexical category
can add morphemes to these words
output
the language that someone produces
partial reduplication
forming a new word by doubling part of a word. very rare in English. example HOCUS-POCUS
polysynthetic language
languages in which words are composed of many morphemes
prefix
a derivational bound morpheme added to the beginning of a word/other morpheme re, pre, un, ex, mis, co
preposition
words that precede a noun phrase that they introduce. eg: in, on, under, with
productive
the limitless ability to use langauge to say new things
pronoun
He, She, Her , We
reduplicant
a word formed by doubling the word. rare in english. partial redupliant example HOCUS-POCUS
reduplication
forming a new word either by doubling an entire word or part of a word. very rare in English. partial reduplication example HOCUS-POCUS
root
wods that are the basic part of a word that carries meaning. eg- teach
simultaneous affix
an affix in sign lanague. an affix articulated at the same time as some other affixes in the words stem
stem
when a root morpheme is combined with an affix morpheme. teach is the root. ad -er to make the stem ‘teacher’
suffix
a derrivational blound morpheme that is added to the end of another morpheme, ish, less, ly
suppletion
a relationship between forms of a word wherein form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other. very rare. examples are am to was. go to went. good-better
