Module 2, Choose Your Vocab Flashcards
Phonology
the study of the abstract categories that organize the sound system of a language, like individual speech sounds and the ways sounds are grouped together
Spectrogram
a graphic representation of the frequency distribution of sound waves
Phoneme
the smallest and most basic unit of speech sounds. Signal a meaningful distinction between morphemes
Morpheme
the smallest element of language that carries meaning ‘cat’ ‘happy’
Minimal pair
a pair of words that differ in only one sound, but differ in meaning ‘mat, met’
Sonority Sequencing Principle
principle where segments with different manners of articulation are arranged into syllables so that each syllable has a single peak of sonority
Sonority
the relative ‘loudness’ of a speech sound. the ‘auditory force’
Syllibication
assigning syllable structure to words
Cognates
a member of a pair of sounds that are opposed or distinguished by a particular phonetic feature
epenthesis
the addition of one or more sounds to the interior of a word. Drawing/drawring.
onset
the beginning of a syllable. it can be 0 consonant, 1 consonants, or a cluster of consonants
Coda
the final margin of a syllable consisting of one or more consonants
Nucleus
the peak of sonority in a syllable, typically a vowel
Constituents
a sound produced with incomplete closure of the oral vocal tract
narrow transcription
a type of transcription that includes articulatory details, such as allophones. it uses dicratic marks [] instead of just virgiles //
Neutralisation
in a particular context, contrasts between different phonemes are neutralizes. Ex: Mary and Mery in some dialect. Different phonemes that are now..not different
Released Consonant
release of air that has been built up to make a consonant noise. type of allophone
Flap
a manner of articulation in which a sound is formed by a quick tapping movement of an articulator against a surface. flaps are allophones of stops
Stop
a manner of articulation in which the vocal tract is completely closed for some interval so that airflow ceases
Articulator
an anatomic structure capable of movements that form the sounds of speech (tongue, lips, jaw, velopharynx)
Aspiration
a fricative noise generated as air escapes through partly adducted vocal folds and into the upper cavities. Pin
Fricative
A manner of articulation in which a continuous noise is generated as air is channeled through a narrow articulatory constriction. Fish. Zip
Vowel epenthesis
the insertion of a vowel into a syllable
Maximal Onset Principle
Preferring to pronounce syllables with as many onsets as opposed to a coda ‘tatatat’ example
Final Devoicing
a voiced phoneme has a voiceless allophone in a word-final position. Not usually in American English
