Module 2, Choose Your Vocab

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

the study of the abstract categories that organize the sound system of a language, like individual speech sounds and the ways sounds are grouped together

Question 2

Spectrogram

Answer 2

a graphic representation of the frequency distribution of sound waves

Question 3

Phoneme

Answer 3

the smallest and most basic unit of speech sounds. Signal a meaningful distinction between morphemes

Question 4

Morpheme

Answer 4

the smallest element of language that carries meaning ‘cat’ ‘happy’

Question 5

Minimal pair

Answer 5

a pair of words that differ in only one sound, but differ in meaning ‘mat, met’

Question 6

Sonority Sequencing Principle

Answer 6

principle where segments with different manners of articulation are arranged into syllables so that each syllable has a single peak of sonority

Question 7

Sonority

Answer 7

the relative ‘loudness’ of a speech sound. the ‘auditory force’

Question 8

Syllibication

Answer 8

assigning syllable structure to words

Question 9

Cognates

Answer 9

a member of a pair of sounds that are opposed or distinguished by a particular phonetic feature

Question 10

epenthesis

Answer 10

the addition of one or more sounds to the interior of a word. Drawing/drawring.

Question 11

onset

Answer 11

the beginning of a syllable. it can be 0 consonant, 1 consonants, or a cluster of consonants

Question 12

Coda

Answer 12

the final margin of a syllable consisting of one or more consonants

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

the peak of sonority in a syllable, typically a vowel

Question 14

Constituents

Answer 14

a sound produced with incomplete closure of the oral vocal tract

Question 15

narrow transcription

Answer 15

a type of transcription that includes articulatory details, such as allophones. it uses dicratic marks [] instead of just virgiles //

Question 16

Neutralisation

Answer 16

in a particular context, contrasts between different phonemes are neutralizes. Ex: Mary and Mery in some dialect. Different phonemes that are now..not different

Question 17

Released Consonant

Answer 17

release of air that has been built up to make a consonant noise. type of allophone

Question 18

Flap

Answer 18

a manner of articulation in which a sound is formed by a quick tapping movement of an articulator against a surface. flaps are allophones of stops

Question 19

Stop

Answer 19

a manner of articulation in which the vocal tract is completely closed for some interval so that airflow ceases

Question 20

Articulator

Answer 20

an anatomic structure capable of movements that form the sounds of speech (tongue, lips, jaw, velopharynx)

Question 21

Aspiration

Answer 21

a fricative noise generated as air escapes through partly adducted vocal folds and into the upper cavities. Pin

Question 22

Fricative

Answer 22

A manner of articulation in which a continuous noise is generated as air is channeled through a narrow articulatory constriction. Fish. Zip

Question 23

Vowel epenthesis

Answer 23

the insertion of a vowel into a syllable

Question 24

Maximal Onset Principle

Answer 24

Preferring to pronounce syllables with as many onsets as opposed to a coda ‘tatatat’ example

Question 25

Final Devoicing

Answer 25

a voiced phoneme has a voiceless allophone in a word-final position. Not usually in American English