Morphology and Biology of Viruses

Question 1

1. HERPESVIRUS - Describe its structure
2. HIV - Describe its structure, What does it contain?
3. HEP A - Describe its structure, What does +ve RNA mean? How is it transmitted?
4. HEP B - Describe its structure, How is it transmitted?
5. HEP C - Describe its structure, How is it transmitted?
6. NOROVIRUS - Describe its structure
7. ROTAVIRUS - Describe its structure, What are the symtpoms? Describe its replication cycle

Answer 1

1. Enveloped, Icosahedral capsid, Linear DNA
2. • Enveloped, gp120 (entry) and gp41 (adherence) proteins
   • 2 copies of RNA, Reverse Transcriptase, Integrase, Protease
3. • Non-enveloped, Icosahedral capsid, +ve RNA (it can act as mRNA for translation)
   • Faecal-oral transmission
4. • Enveloped, Icosahedral capsid, Circular DNA
   • Percutaneous, Perinatal and Sexual transmission e.g. Sharing needles, Unprotected sex
5. • Enveloped, Icosahedral capsid, RNA, NS1 and E proteins
   • Percutaneous, Sexual and Maternal transmission
6. Non-enveloped, Icosahedral capsid, RNA
7. • Non-enveloped, Icosahedral Triple-layer capsid, double-stranded RNA, VP1-7, and NSP1-6 proteins
   • Fever, Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Abdo. pain
   • Virus binds to receptors and enters by Endocytosis, Sheds and replicates its double-stranded RNA to make Viral proteins, Single and Double layered particles produced in cytoplasm with Double layered particles moving into ER for it to form its Outer capsid before being Released by Cell lysis

Question 2

8. MEASLES - Describe its structure, What does -ve RNA mean? What are its symptoms? How is it transmitted?
9. MUMPS - Describe its structure, What are its symptoms? How is it transmitted?
10. RUBELLA - Describe its structure, What are its symptoms? How is it transmitted?
11. ADENOVIRUS - Describe its structure
12. PAPILLOMAVIRUS - Describe its structure
13. PARVOVIRUS - Describe its structure, How does it affect Erythropoiesis? How is it transmitted?
14. INFLUENZA - Describe its structure, How is it transmitted? Describe its replication cycle

Answer 2

8. • Enveloped, -ve RNA (it can’t act as mRNA)
   • Fever, Runny nose, Red eyes, Sore throat, Rash, White spots in mouth
   • Droplet transmission
9. • Enveloped, Helical capsid, RNA
   • Fever, Aches, Tiredness, Loss of Appetite, Parotitis
   • Droplet transmission
10. • Enveloped, Icosahedral capsid, RNA
    • Fever, Rash
    • Droplet transmission
11. Non-enveloped, Icosahedral capsid, Linear DNA
12. Non-enveloped, Icosahedral capsid, Circular DNA
13. • Non-enveloped, Icosahedral capsid, single-stranded DNA
    • Has a receptor that binds to Pro-erythrocytes, therefore inhibits Erythropoiesis
    • Maternal and Respiratory transmission
14. • Enveloped, RNA, Haemagglutinin M1
    • Droplet transmission
    • Haemagglutinin binds to Sialic acid and internalised by Endocytosis, Envelope fuses with Endosome for Shedding, Capsid released into cytoplasm, RNA replicated and packaged into a new Capsid