Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Affix

A

An additional element placed at the beginning or end of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning.

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2
Q

Affixation

A

Is a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme, an affix, is attached to a morphological base. Employ for derivation of new words and word forms. The most common.

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3
Q

Agglutinating language

A

A morphological system in which words as a rule are polymorphemic and where each morpheme corresponds to a single lexical meaning.

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4
Q

Allomorph

A

Any versions of a morpheme, such as the plural endings for the plural morpheme. Example, s (as in bats ), z (as in bugs ), and iz (as in buses).

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5
Q

Alternation

A

An alternation is the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization.

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6
Q

Ambiguity

A

The quality of being open to more than one interpretation.

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7
Q

Analytic language

A

A language that primarily conveys relationships between words in sentences by way of helper words (particles, prepositions, etc.). Word order, as opposed to utilizing inflections. changing the form of a word to convey its role in the sentence.

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8
Q

Bound Morpheme

A

That can appear only as part of a larger expression

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9
Q

Bound Root

A

A root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme.

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10
Q

Closed Lexical Category

A

The closed classes in English include pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, and prepositions.

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11
Q

Compounding

A

That is, in familiar terms, compounding occurs when two or more words or signs are joined to make one longer word or sign.

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12
Q

Conjunction

A

Elements that link two or more words, phrases, clauses, or sentences within a larger unit, in such a way that a specific semantic relation is established between them.

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13
Q

Content Morpheme

A

A root that forms the semantic core of a major class word.

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14
Q

Content Word

A

Are words that name objects of reality and their qualities.

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15
Q

Derivation

A

The set of stages that link the abstract underlying structure of an expression to its surface form.

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16
Q

Determiner

A

A word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context.

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17
Q

Form

A

A meaningful unit of speech. A morpheme, word, or sentence.

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18
Q

Free Morpheme

A

That can stand alone as a word.

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19
Q

Function Morpheme

A

Which simply modifies the meaning of a word, rather than supplying the root meaning.

20
Q

Function Word

A

A word whose purpose is more to signal grammatical relationship than the lexical meaning of a sentence.

21
Q

Fusional Language

A

Which one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings.

22
Q

Hierarchical Structure

A

Is the edifice of essentials from one stage to the other stage.

23
Q

Homophony

A

when a set of words are pronounced identically, but have different meanings.

24
Q

Incorporation

A

A phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object or adverbial modifier, while retaining its original syntactic function.

25
Q

Infix

A

Is an affix inserted inside a word stem.

26
Q

Inflection

A

The change in the form of a word (in English, usually the addition of endings) to mark such distinctions as tense, person, number, gender, mood, voice, and case.

27
Q

Input

A

Refers to the exposure learners have to authentic language in use

28
Q

Lexical Category

A

A linguistic category of words (or more precisely lexical items), generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behavior of the lexical item in question, such as noun or verb.

29
Q

Lexicon

A

Is a language’s inventory of lexemes.

30
Q

Morpheme

A

The smallest meaningful unit in a language. A morpheme is not identical to a word.

31
Q

Morphology

A

The study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.

32
Q

Open Lexical Category

A

If the new word and the original word belong to the same category.

33
Q

Output

A

The more you do both things, the better you’ll get at them.

34
Q

Partial reduplication

A

Is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change.

35
Q

Polysynthetic Language

A

Highly synthetic languages. For example, languages in which words are composed of many morphemes.

36
Q

Prefix

A

Which is placed before the stem of a word. Performative.

37
Q

Preposition

A

Defined as words that “link to other words, phrases, and clauses” and that “express spatial or temporal relations.

38
Q

Productive

A

Is the degree to which native speakers use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation.

39
Q

Pronoun

A

A pronoun has been theorized to be a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase.

40
Q

Reduplicant

A

The reduplicated segment in a word resulting from a reduplication process.

41
Q

Reduplication

A

Reduplication is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change.

42
Q

Root

A

The root in language is either a base word, or a part of a word to which affixes are added.

43
Q

Simultaneous Affix

A

Articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages.

44
Q

Stem

A

Stem is a part of a word used with slightly different meanings.

45
Q

Suffix

A

Is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Sometimes termed postfix.

46
Q

Suppletion

A

Is traditionally understood as the use of one word as the inflected form of another word when the two words are not cognate.