Morphology Flashcards
morpheme
elemental units that constitute words
form and meaning
- what you know when you know a word or morpheme
- inseparable
- relationship is arbitrary
Free morpheme (open class)
- standalone
- content words
Free morpheme (closed class)
- standalone
- function words
Bound Morphemes (derivational affixes)
- suffix, prefix, circumfix, infix
- derive new words
- Ex: de-value, in-ability
Bound morphemes (inflectional affixes)
- suffix, prefix, circumfix, infix
- make grammatical changes
- Ex: dog-s
complex words
have a root around which stems are built by affixation
Rules of morphology
determine what kinds of affixation produce proper words and what kinds produce non-words
Productive Morphological Rules
apply freely to the appropriate stem
Ex: re- apply, re-sign, re-send, re-consider
Suppletive forms
words that escape inflectional morphology
Ex: *mans is men
compounds
- formed by uniting two or more root words in a single work
- the head is the rightmost word and bears the basic meaning
back-formation
words created by misinterpreting an affix “look-alike” as an actual affix
noisy crow
phrase consisting of adjective plus noun
scarecrow
compound noun
the crow
grammatical morpheme followed by lexical morpheme
crowlike
root morpheme plus derivational suffix
crows
root morpheme plus inflectional affix
terroriz(ed)
inflectional suffix
un(civil)ized
bound root
terror(ize)
derivational suffix
(im)possible
infelcitonal prefix
