Morphology Flashcards
What is morphology?
the study of the internal structure of words
What is a morpheme?
smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function
Can one word = 1 morpheme?
yes (bird, boy, eat small)
What are multimorphemic words?
walk-ed, book-s, un-like-ly
What is a free morpheme?
a word that can stand alone and can not be subdivided
What is a bound morpheme?
it cannot stand alone, must be attached to another form
What are allomorphs?
variant of a morpheme, one or more morphemes being put together that change its form ex: destroy + tion = destruction
What is the root of a word?
a morpheme that carries the major component of the word’s meaning
What are the four lexical categories?
nouns
verbs (action)
adjectives
adverbs (describes properties of actions)
What is the difference between a base and a root?
a base is a form to which an affix is added, it can be a root or a root plus one or more affixes
What are the three kinds of affixation?
prefixation
suffixation
Infixation
What is the definition of prefixation?
attaching an affix to the front of a base
What is the definition of suffixation
attaching an affix to the end of a base
what is the definition of infixation?
an affix occurs within its base (occurs in tagaolog)
What is reduplication?
duplicating all or part of a base, (partial and full, Indonesian)
What is replacement?
a process that substitutes one non-morphemic element for another to mark a grammatical contrast (man/men, break/broke)
What is suppletion?
complete replacement of one morpheme with another to mark a grammatical contrast (am/was, go/went)
What is stress change?
verb to noun, ex; record, record
What is an isolating (analytic) type?
words typically consist of only one morpheme
What is an agglutinating type?
has words which contain several morphemes, but usually only one lexical category
What is a fusional type?
words consist of several morphemes, but one root, unlike agglutinating type, the affixes tend to merge and fuse
What is a polysynthetic type of language?
single word consists of a long strong of lexical categories and affixes, where the word corresponds to a sentence in English
How many inflectional affixes are there in English?
eight
What is a derivation?
forming a new word with a different meaning
-can be class-maintaining or class-changing
