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Dental > Morphology > Flashcards

Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

What is morphology?

A

The study of the shape, size, and distinguishing features of teeth that highlight unique biological relationships between human

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2
Q

What’s Cingulum?

A

Rounded raised area of enamel found on cervical 1/3rd of L of anterior teeth (around the gum line)

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3
Q

What’s diastema?

A

Unusually large open space between 2 teeth

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4
Q

What’s cusp of carabelli?

A

5th cusp located on ML cusp of max. 1st molar

May not always be present or if it is, may not be well developed

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5
Q

What’s ridges?

A

Linear elevation of tooth structure

Named according to its location or form

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6
Q

What’s marginal ridge?

A

Elevated crests or rounded folds of enamel

Form M & D margins of O surfaces of posterior teeth

Form M & D margins of L surfaces of anterior teeth

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7
Q

What’s oblique ridge?

A

(At a slant/diagonal line)
Elevated prominences on O surfaces of max. Molars

Runs diagonally from ML cusp to DB cusp

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8
Q

What’s triangular ridge?

A

(Premolars and molars only)

Prominent, triangular cross section elevations

Extend from tip of a cusp toward central portion of O surface

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9
Q

What’s transverse ridge?

A

Made up of 2 or more triangular ridges of a B & L cusp

Join to form a continuous elevation across the O surface of a posterior tooth

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10
Q

What’s fossa?

A

Wide, shallow depression

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11
Q

Lingual fossa

A

Wide, shallow depression

Found on L surface of an anterior tooth

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12
Q

Central fossa

A

Depression found in center of posterior teeth

Not on pre molars

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13
Q

Triangular fossa

A

Triangular shaped depression found near the marginal ridges

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14
Q

Pit

A

Sharp, pinpoint depression where 2 developmental grooves meet or cross each other

Forms a deep area that’s too small for bristles of toothbrush to clean

Enamel is thin; prone to decay

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15
Q

Occlusal developmental pit (not in pp)

A

Located in the deepest portion of the fossa; each pit is a sharp pinpoint depression where two or more grooves meet

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16
Q

Incisal edge/ridge

A

Ridge on perm. Incisors

Starts off at ridge then becomes incisal edge

Appears flattened on La, L, or I view after tooth eruption

Angle formed by the merging of 2 flat surfaces
—
Ridge: newly erupted incisor and the portion is rounded

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17
Q

Mamelon

A

Rounded extension of enamel on incisal edge of newly erupted incisors

Usually 3

Disappears as a result of wear

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18
Q

Grooves

A

Depression in form of a line

Formed during development

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19
Q

Developmental groove

A

Sharp, deep, v shaped linear depression

Found on O surface

Any linear depression

B to L

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20
Q

Central groove

A

Most prominent groove

Travels MD and divides O surface in half

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21
Q

Supplemental groove

A

Branches off developmental groove

Gives O surface of tooth a wrinkled appearance

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22
Q

Triangular groove

A

Separate a marginal ridge from the triangular ridge of a cusp

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23
Q

Marginal groove (not in pp)

A

Fissured area on the L surface of anterior teeth and O surface of posterior

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24
Q

Fissure

A

Fault along a developmental groove on the O surface

Caused by imperfect joining of lobes during tooth formation

Decay often starts in fissure

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25
Q

What perm. incisors erupts first?

A

Central incisors erupt a year or so before the lateral incisors

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26
Q

Max. Central incisors

A

Thin, sharp edge used to cut

MI angle is at 90 degree; DI angle is more rounded

L surface slightly concave w/ prominent cingulum

1 root shorter than roots of other perm. Max. Teeth

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27
Q

Man. Central incisors

A

Smallest teeth in either arch

M & D incisal angles are sharp

L surface is concave

1 root

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28
Q

Imbrication lines

A

Developmental horizontal lines in anterior teeth; slightly ridges that runs MD in the cervical third of the teeth

29
Q

Max. Lateral incisors

A

Shorter, more narrow and thinner than max. Central incisor

1 root

Frequently congenitally missing (at birth you didn’t get the part to develop a tooth)

30
Q

Pegged laterals (not in pp)

A

Incisors pointed or tapered shape

31
Q

Man. Lateral incisor

A

Slightly wider from M to D than man. Central incisor

Incisal edge slope down toward distal

M side if crown is longer than D

1 root

32
Q

Canine eminence

A

External vertical bony ridge on La surface of canines

33
Q

Cusp

A

Major elevation on the masticatory surfaces of canine and posterior teeth

34
Q

Cuspid max

A

Erupts after man. Canines, Max incisors, max premolars

Longest & strongest tooth

1 root which curves toward the D

Lingual ridge separates L surface resulting in 2 smaller lingual fossa’s

35
Q

Cuspid man.

A

Erupts before the max canines and after most incisors have erupted

Smaller and more slender than max cuspid

Narrower LaL and MD

Less prominent cingulum; smooth L surface

36
Q

Inclined cuspal planes

A

Sloping areas between cusp ridges

37
Q

Perm. Premolars

A

Succedaneous replaced primary 1st and 2nd molars

B premolars rounded, prominent vertical B ridge is noted in center of the crown

2 B depressions are present on each side of B ridge

Anterior to molars

38
Q

Max. 1st premolar

A

2 roots: B & L

2 cusps: B & L

Both max premolars erupt earlier than man. Premolars

39
Q

Bifurcated

A

2 roots

40
Q

Furcation

A

2 or more roots

41
Q

Max 2nd premolar

A

Smaller than 1st premolar

1 root

2 cusps: B & L

Isn’t sharp as max 1st premolar

42
Q

Man 1st premolar

A

Smallest of all 4 premolars

Doesn’t resemble max premolar

Erupts later than max premolars

2 cusp: B & L cusp

1 root

43
Q

Man 2nd premolar

A

Erupts distally to the man 1st premolar; replaces primary man. 2nd molar

3 cusps: 2 small L cusps; 1 large B cusp

1 root

44
Q

Tricanineate

A

3 cusp type

Tricanineate premolars groove pattern is y-shaped

45
Q

Bicanineate

A

2 cusp type

2 cusp type groove pattern is U-shaped (also called C-shaped) or H-grooved

46
Q

Molars

A

Grinding teeth

1st and 2nd molars erupt around 6-12 years old

Consist of 4 or 5 short, blunt cusps and 2 or 3 more molars

47
Q

Max molars

A

Includes 4 majors cusps w/ 2 cusps on B portion of O table and 2 in L

48
Q

Trifurcated

A

3 roots tooth

49
Q

Trifurcation

A

The area at which 3 roots divide

Location: M, D, B surfaces

50
Q

Max 1st molar

A

First perm teeth to erupt into maxillary arch; erupts distal to the primary max 2nd molars

Largest crown in dentition

4 developed cusps: ML (longest), MB, DL, DB; 5th cusp on the ML cusp called cusp of carabelli

3 roots: MB, DB, L (largest & longer)

51
Q

Max. 2nd molar

A

Smaller to 1st molar

4 cusps: MB, DB, ML, DL

3 roots: MB, DB, L

52
Q

Non-succedaneous

A

Do not replace the primary teeth

53
Q

Man molar

A

Erupts 6 months - 1 year before permanent max molars erupt

Crown includes 4-5 major cusps

Wider MD than BL

2 roots: M & D

54
Q

Bifurcation

A

2 roots divides

55
Q

Man 1st molar

A

Erupts around 6-7 years old; first perm teeth in oral cavity

5 cusps: ML, MB, DL, DB, D

2 B grooves separating the B cusps: B, DB

2 roots: M, D

L surface is smaller than B

56
Q

Man 2nd molar

A

Erupts between age 11-12

Smaller than 1st perm molars; Nonsuccedaneous

4 cusps: MB, ML, DB, DL

2 roots: M, D

57
Q

Man 3rd molar

A

Smaller w/ more grooves on O, resembling a wrinkled look

4 cusps: MB, ML, DB, DL

2 roots

58
Q

Primary dentition: characteristics

A

Smaller in size

Whiter, thinner enamel

Thicker dentin layer

Large pulp chambers

Crown is shorter in relation to total length of tooth

Roots are longer and more narrow than crowns

59
Q

Primary max. Central incisors (not in pp)

A

Wider MD than IC

No mamelons

Cingulum and marginal ridges are more prominent than perm successors and L fossa is deeper

60
Q

Primary max lateral incisors (not in pp)

A

Smaller and similar to central incisors

Incisal angles on lateral are more rounded

61
Q

Primary man central incisor (not in pp)

A

Extremely symmetrical

Not constricted at the CEJ like prim max incisor

L surface is smooth and tapers toward the Cingulum

Marginal ridges less pronounced

62
Q

Primary man lateral incisors (not in pp)

A

Wider and longer yet similar in form to central incisors

Incisal edge slopes D and DI angle is more rounded

Root maybe D curvature and usually has D longitudinal groove

63
Q

Primary max canine (not in pp)

A

Longer and sharper cusp than perm canines

M and D outlines are rounder

Cingulum is well developed so the lingual ridge and marginal ridges

ML & DL fossae are shallow

64
Q

Primary man canine (Not in pp)

A

Small LaL

D cusp slope longer than M cusp slope

L surface is marked by a shallow L fossa

I edge is straight and centered over the crown LaL

Root is long and narrow and twice the length of the crown

65
Q

Primary max 1st molar

A

Occlusal table had prominent transverse ridge

H-shaped groove pattern and 3 fossae: central, M triangular, and D triangular

4 cusps: MB, DB, ML, DL

3 roots: B, DB, L

66
Q

Primary max 2nd molar

A

Larger than primary max 1st molar

4 cusps with 1 supplemental cusp: MB, DB, ML, DL

3 roots: MB, DB, L

Usually has a cusp of carabelli, minor 5th cusp

67
Q

Primary man 1st molar

A

4 cusps: MB, DB, ML, DL
ML cusp is long, pointed, and angled into O table

2 roots: M, D

68
Q

Primary man 2nd molar

A

Larger than 1st primary man molar

5 cusps: MB, DB, D, ML, DL

2 roots: M, D

69
Q

Perm max. 3rd molar

A

Much smaller in size than 2 previous molars

Roots are often fused together and curve distally

Dental (7 decks)

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