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Morphology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is morphology?

A

The study of the shape, size, and distinguishing features of teeth that highlight unique biological relationships between human

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2
Q

What’s Cingulum?

A

Rounded raised area of enamel found on cervical 1/3rd of L of anterior teeth (around the gum line)

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3
Q

What’s diastema?

A

Unusually large open space between 2 teeth

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4
Q

What’s cusp of carabelli?

A

5th cusp located on ML cusp of max. 1st molar

May not always be present or if it is, may not be well developed

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5
Q

What’s ridges?

A

Linear elevation of tooth structure

Named according to its location or form

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6
Q

What’s marginal ridge?

A

Elevated crests or rounded folds of enamel

Form M & D margins of O surfaces of posterior teeth

Form M & D margins of L surfaces of anterior teeth

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7
Q

What’s oblique ridge?

A

(At a slant/diagonal line)
Elevated prominences on O surfaces of max. Molars

Runs diagonally from ML cusp to DB cusp

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8
Q

What’s triangular ridge?

A

(Premolars and molars only)

Prominent, triangular cross section elevations

Extend from tip of a cusp toward central portion of O surface

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9
Q

What’s transverse ridge?

A

Made up of 2 or more triangular ridges of a B & L cusp

Join to form a continuous elevation across the O surface of a posterior tooth

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10
Q

What’s fossa?

A

Wide, shallow depression

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11
Q

Lingual fossa

A

Wide, shallow depression

Found on L surface of an anterior tooth

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12
Q

Central fossa

A

Depression found in center of posterior teeth

Not on pre molars

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13
Q

Triangular fossa

A

Triangular shaped depression found near the marginal ridges

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14
Q

Pit

A

Sharp, pinpoint depression where 2 developmental grooves meet or cross each other

Forms a deep area that’s too small for bristles of toothbrush to clean

Enamel is thin; prone to decay

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15
Q

Occlusal developmental pit (not in pp)

A

Located in the deepest portion of the fossa; each pit is a sharp pinpoint depression where two or more grooves meet

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16
Q

Incisal edge/ridge

A

Ridge on perm. Incisors

Starts off at ridge then becomes incisal edge

Appears flattened on La, L, or I view after tooth eruption

Angle formed by the merging of 2 flat surfaces
—
Ridge: newly erupted incisor and the portion is rounded

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17
Q

Mamelon

A

Rounded extension of enamel on incisal edge of newly erupted incisors

Usually 3

Disappears as a result of wear

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18
Q

Grooves

A

Depression in form of a line

Formed during development

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19
Q

Developmental groove

A

Sharp, deep, v shaped linear depression

Found on O surface

Any linear depression

B to L

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20
Q

Central groove

A

Most prominent groove

Travels MD and divides O surface in half

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21
Q

Supplemental groove

A

Branches off developmental groove

Gives O surface of tooth a wrinkled appearance

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22
Q

Triangular groove

A

Separate a marginal ridge from the triangular ridge of a cusp

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23
Q

Marginal groove (not in pp)

A

Fissured area on the L surface of anterior teeth and O surface of posterior

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24
Q

Fissure

A

Fault along a developmental groove on the O surface

Caused by imperfect joining of lobes during tooth formation

Decay often starts in fissure

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25
What perm. incisors erupts first?
Central incisors erupt a year or so before the lateral incisors
26
Max. Central incisors
Thin, sharp edge used to cut MI angle is at 90 degree; DI angle is more rounded L surface slightly concave w/ prominent cingulum 1 root shorter than roots of other perm. Max. Teeth
27
Man. Central incisors
Smallest teeth in either arch M & D incisal angles are sharp L surface is concave 1 root
28
Imbrication lines
Developmental horizontal lines in anterior teeth; slightly ridges that runs MD in the cervical third of the teeth
29
Max. Lateral incisors
Shorter, more narrow and thinner than max. Central incisor 1 root Frequently congenitally missing (at birth you didn’t get the part to develop a tooth)
30
Pegged laterals (not in pp)
Incisors pointed or tapered shape
31
Man. Lateral incisor
Slightly wider from M to D than man. Central incisor Incisal edge slope down toward distal M side if crown is longer than D 1 root
32
Canine eminence
External vertical bony ridge on La surface of canines
33
Cusp
Major elevation on the masticatory surfaces of canine and posterior teeth
34
Cuspid max
Erupts after man. Canines, Max incisors, max premolars Longest & strongest tooth 1 root which curves toward the D Lingual ridge separates L surface resulting in 2 smaller lingual fossa’s
35
Cuspid man.
Erupts before the max canines and after most incisors have erupted Smaller and more slender than max cuspid Narrower LaL and MD Less prominent cingulum; smooth L surface
36
Inclined cuspal planes
Sloping areas between cusp ridges
37
Perm. Premolars
Succedaneous replaced primary 1st and 2nd molars B premolars rounded, prominent vertical B ridge is noted in center of the crown 2 B depressions are present on each side of B ridge Anterior to molars
38
Max. 1st premolar
2 roots: B & L 2 cusps: B & L Both max premolars erupt earlier than man. Premolars
39
Bifurcated
2 roots
40
Furcation
2 or more roots
41
Max 2nd premolar
Smaller than 1st premolar 1 root 2 cusps: B & L Isn’t sharp as max 1st premolar
42
Man 1st premolar
Smallest of all 4 premolars Doesn’t resemble max premolar Erupts later than max premolars 2 cusp: B & L cusp 1 root
43
Man 2nd premolar
Erupts distally to the man 1st premolar; replaces primary man. 2nd molar 3 cusps: 2 small L cusps; 1 large B cusp 1 root
44
Tricanineate
3 cusp type Tricanineate premolars groove pattern is y-shaped
45
Bicanineate
2 cusp type 2 cusp type groove pattern is U-shaped (also called C-shaped) or H-grooved
46
Molars
Grinding teeth 1st and 2nd molars erupt around 6-12 years old Consist of 4 or 5 short, blunt cusps and 2 or 3 more molars
47
Max molars
Includes 4 majors cusps w/ 2 cusps on B portion of O table and 2 in L
48
Trifurcated
3 roots tooth
49
Trifurcation
The area at which 3 roots divide Location: M, D, B surfaces
50
Max 1st molar
First perm teeth to erupt into maxillary arch; erupts distal to the primary max 2nd molars Largest crown in dentition 4 developed cusps: ML (longest), MB, DL, DB; 5th cusp on the ML cusp called cusp of carabelli 3 roots: MB, DB, L (largest & longer)
51
Max. 2nd molar
Smaller to 1st molar 4 cusps: MB, DB, ML, DL 3 roots: MB, DB, L
52
Non-succedaneous
Do not replace the primary teeth
53
Man molar
Erupts 6 months - 1 year before permanent max molars erupt Crown includes 4-5 major cusps Wider MD than BL 2 roots: M & D
54
Bifurcation
2 roots divides
55
Man 1st molar
Erupts around 6-7 years old; first perm teeth in oral cavity 5 cusps: ML, MB, DL, DB, D 2 B grooves separating the B cusps: B, DB 2 roots: M, D L surface is smaller than B
56
Man 2nd molar
Erupts between age 11-12 Smaller than 1st perm molars; Nonsuccedaneous 4 cusps: MB, ML, DB, DL 2 roots: M, D
57
Man 3rd molar
Smaller w/ more grooves on O, resembling a wrinkled look 4 cusps: MB, ML, DB, DL 2 roots
58
Primary dentition: characteristics
Smaller in size Whiter, thinner enamel Thicker dentin layer Large pulp chambers Crown is shorter in relation to total length of tooth Roots are longer and more narrow than crowns
59
Primary max. Central incisors (not in pp)
Wider MD than IC No mamelons Cingulum and marginal ridges are more prominent than perm successors and L fossa is deeper
60
Primary max lateral incisors (not in pp)
Smaller and similar to central incisors Incisal angles on lateral are more rounded
61
Primary man central incisor (not in pp)
Extremely symmetrical Not constricted at the CEJ like prim max incisor L surface is smooth and tapers toward the Cingulum Marginal ridges less pronounced
62
Primary man lateral incisors (not in pp)
Wider and longer yet similar in form to central incisors Incisal edge slopes D and DI angle is more rounded Root maybe D curvature and usually has D longitudinal groove
63
Primary max canine (not in pp)
Longer and sharper cusp than perm canines M and D outlines are rounder Cingulum is well developed so the lingual ridge and marginal ridges ML & DL fossae are shallow
64
Primary man canine (Not in pp)
Small LaL D cusp slope longer than M cusp slope L surface is marked by a shallow L fossa I edge is straight and centered over the crown LaL Root is long and narrow and twice the length of the crown
65
Primary max 1st molar
Occlusal table had prominent transverse ridge H-shaped groove pattern and 3 fossae: central, M triangular, and D triangular 4 cusps: MB, DB, ML, DL 3 roots: B, DB, L
66
Primary max 2nd molar
Larger than primary max 1st molar 4 cusps with 1 supplemental cusp: MB, DB, ML, DL 3 roots: MB, DB, L Usually has a cusp of carabelli, minor 5th cusp
67
Primary man 1st molar
4 cusps: MB, DB, ML, DL ML cusp is long, pointed, and angled into O table 2 roots: M, D
68
Primary man 2nd molar
Larger than 1st primary man molar 5 cusps: MB, DB, D, ML, DL 2 roots: M, D
69
Perm max. 3rd molar
Much smaller in size than 2 previous molars Roots are often fused together and curve distally

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