Morphology

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme, an affix, is attached to a morphological base

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

form words through the combination of smaller morphemes to express compound ideas

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

any of two or more actual representations of a morpheme.

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

a quality of language that makes speech or written text open to multiple interpretations

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

a language that conveys relationships between words in sentences primarily by way of helper words (particles, prepositions, etc.) and word order, as opposed to using inflections

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

a morpheme that can appear only as part of a larger expression

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

a root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

the category of function words—that is, parts of speech (or word classes)—that don’t readily accept new members

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

morphological operation that—in general—puts together two free forms and gives rise to a new word

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses that are called the conjuncts of the conjunctions

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

a root that forms the semantic core of a major class word

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

words that possess semantic content and contribute to the meaning of the sentence in which they occur

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

the process of forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding a prefix or suffix, such as un- or -ness

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

a nominal syntactic category distinct both from adjectives and nouns

Question 17

form

Answer 17

describes the physical structure of the material

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

A morpheme that can carry meaning on its own, and does not require a prefix, suffix, or infix to give it meaning

Question 19

function morpheme

Answer 19

a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of a word, rather than supplying the root meaning.

Question 20

function word

Answer 20

words that exist to explain or create grammatical or structural relationships into which the content words may fit

Question 21

fusional language

Answer 21

a morphological system in which one morpheme, usually an inflectional affix, expresses several different meanings or grammatical functions

Question 22

hierarchical structure

Answer 22

suggests the division of compound and derived words into their basic constituents

Question 23

homophony

Answer 23

the linguistic phenomenon whereby words of different origins become identical in pronunciation.

Question 24

incorporation

Answer 24

a phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object or adverbial modifier, while retaining its original syntactic function.

Question 25

infix

Answer 25

an affix inserted inside a word stem

Question 26

inflection

Answer 26

the change in the form of a word (in English, usually the addition of endings) to mark such distinctions as tense, person, number, gender, mood, voice, and case

Question 27

input

Answer 27

the exposure learners have to authentic language in use

Question 28

lexical category

Answer 28

classes of words (e.g., noun, verb, preposition), which differ in how other words can be constructed out of them

Question 29

lexicon

Answer 29

he total stock of words and word elements that carry meaning

Question 30

morpheme

Answer 30

the smallest meaningful constituent of a linguistic expression

Question 31

morphology

Answer 31

the study of the forms of words.

Question 32

open lexical category

Answer 32

they carry more ‘referential’ meaning than the grammatical words

Question 33

output

Answer 33

the language the learner produces

Question 34

partial reduplication

Answer 34

involves consonant ablaut or vowel alternation

Question 35

polysynthetic language

Answer 35

languages in which words are composed of many morphemes

Question 36

prefix

Answer 36

n affix that is joined before a root or stem.

Question 37

preposition

Answer 37

a word that shows how two words are related

Question 38

productive

Answer 38

the degree to which speakers of a language use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation

Question 39

pronoun

Answer 39

a word that can function by itself as a noun phrase and that refers either to the participants in the discourse

Question 40

reduplicant

Answer 40

the repeated portion of a word

Question 41

reduplication

Answer 41

a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change

Question 42

root

Answer 42

either a base word, or a part of a word to which affixes are added

Question 43

simultaneous affix

Answer 43

an affix that takes place at the same time as its base

Question 44

stem

Answer 44

a part of a word responsible for its lexical meaning

Question 45

suffix

Answer 45

an affix which is placed after the stem of a word

Question 46

suppletion

Answer 46

traditionally understood as the use of one word as the inflected form of another word when the two words are not cognate