module 1 linguistics Flashcards
linguistic competence
expressive and receptive language skills in one’s native language and knowledge of linguistic code specific to AAC, such as line drawings and signs.
linguistic performance
a speaker’s actual use of language in real situations; including grammatical errors and other non linguistic features such as hesitations and other disfluencies.
performance error
errors made by the learners when they are tired or hurried
speech communication chain
The simple model of spoken communication that highlights the transformation of an intention in the mind.
Speech communication chain steps
speech production, auditory feedback to the speaker, speech transmission and speech perception and understanding by the listener.
Noise
The vibrations amongst users of language
Lexicon
a book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the words in a language and their definitions
mental grammar
the system that all speakers of a language have in their minds, which allows them to understand each othe
Language Variation
The characteristic of language that there is more than one way of saying the same thing.
Deceptive language
Confusing language is deliberately created complex and is used to downplay the truth or to evade responsibility.
Evidence that writing and language are not the same
Language requires spoken and listening skills.
Language requires tone and pitch to get point across.
Writing requires writing and reading skills.
Writing is used as a way of recording language.
Perspective Grammar
a set of norms or rules governing how a language should or should not be used
Charles Hockett’s nine design features
-mode of communication
-Semanticity
-Pragmatic function
-Interchangeability
-Cultural Transmission
-Arbitrariness
-Discreteness
-Displacement
-Productivity
mode of communication
interpersonal communication involving conversational speaking and listening or signed exchanges
semanticity
the quality that a linguistic system has of being able to convey meanings, in particular by reference to the world of physical reality.
pragmatic function
the use of appropriate communication in social situations
interchangeability
the idea that humans can give and receive identical linguistic symbols
cultural transmission
the process whereby a language is passed on from one generation to the next in a community
arbitrainess
the meaning of linguistic signs is not predictable from its word form, nor is the word form dictated by its meaning/function
convention
a principle or norm that has been adopted by a person or linguistic community about how to use, and therefore what the meaning is of, a specific term.
non-arbitrariness
non subject to individual determination
iconic
a relationship of resemblance or similarity between the two aspects of a sign: its form and its meaning.
onomatopoeia
the process of creating a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes.
conventionalized
having become usual and generally accepted, or done in a way that is usual and generally accepted
sound symbolism
the resemblance between sound and meaning.
discreteness
the boundary between linguistic symbols is clear
displacement
the capability of language to communicate about things that are not immediately present
productivity
the degree to which speakers of a language use a particular grammatical process.
modality
the ways language can express various relationships to reality or truth.
myths about signed language
-Signed language is universal
-Deaf people can lip read
-Sign language is not a real language
-Signing hinders learning Speech
differences between code and language
