morphology Flashcards
what are the two approaches and who pioneered them?
the rules and representations approach (Pinker & Ullman) and the connectionist approach (McClelland)
what is stored in the mental lexicon?
the syntax, orthography, phonology, and concept/meaning
how does Pinker & Ullman’s two systems model work?
it consists of lexicon (words) and grammar (rules), separated into procedural and declarative memory respectively. irregulars are in the lexicon, regulars in the grammar
what is declarative memory?
declarative memory is explicit (i.e. not ingrained) and requires a conscious retrieval to perform tasks (e.g. knowing people’s names)
what is procedural memory?
memory that is ingrained or implicit and that does not require a conscious retrieval in order to successfully perform tasks (e.g. riding a bike)
what part of the brain are declarative and procedural memory associated with?
the temporal-parietal cortex (declarative), and the frontal cortex and basal ganglia (procedural)
what is semantic memory?
the general knowledge that is stored in the brain about the ideas and concepts of the world, not tied to someone’s specific experience but shared by all individuals (e.g. capitals of countries)
what is episodic memory?
memory tied to an individual’s experience (e.g. remembering your first day at school)
what is the difference b/w long-term and short-term memory?
long-term memory stores ideas and info subconsciously, short-term memory does not and “holds” info in a more available way but w/ limited capacity
what does LAN stand for?
Left Anterior Negativity which occurs at ~300-500 ma when checking agreement in morphology (e.g. “brought we” instead of “us”)
how does McClelland’s connectionist approach work?
it consists of no rules but rather associations within the lexicon, where everything is learned/processed on the basis of inputs and outputs. the more frequent an input-output pattern, the stronger the association
