Morphological plan of the upper limb

Question 1

What are the carpal bones, its type of joint and how many carpal bones are there?

Answer 1

Wrist -> radiocarpal
Midcarpal, carpometacarpal
Saddle joint
8: 2 rows of 4

Question 2

What are the joints of the phalanges and how many are there?

Answer 2

Metacarpophalangeal,
1 simple interphalangeal hinge joint -> digit 1.
2 interphalangeal joints -> digits 2-5

Question 3

What is the shoulder joint, its type and its articulations?

Answer 3

Glenohumeral joint -> ball and socket -> between glenoid fossa of scapula + round head of humerus.

Question 4

What type of joint is the elbow and what action can it perform?

Answer 4

Hinge, pronation + supination

Question 5

What are the functional compartments of muscles?

Answer 5

Anterior - flexor compartments

Posterior - extensor compartments

Question 6

What is the origin of superficial back muscles?

Answer 6

Vertebral column

Question 7

What is the location, origin, insertion and action of the pectoralis major?

Answer 7

Thoracic wall
Origin - sternum, medial margin of clavicle, costal cartilages
Insertion - intertubercular sulcus
Action - adduction, flexion, medial rotation of arm at glenohumeral joint

Question 8

What is the location, origin, insertion and action of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 8

Thoracic wall
Origin - ribs 3,4,5
Insertion - coracoid process of scapula
Action - protraction of scapula

Question 9

What is the location, origin, insertion and action of the serratus anterior?

Answer 9

Thoracic wall
Origin - ribs 1-8
Insertion - medial edge of scapula
Action - stabilisation and protraction of scapula

Question 10

What is the origin, insertion and action of the deltoid?

Answer 10

Origin - spine of scapula, acromion of scapula, lateral part of clavicle
Insertion - deltoid tuberosity
Action - abduction of arm, flexion and medial rotation (anterior part), extension and lateral rotation (posterior part)

Question 11

What are the muscles of the shoulder region?

Answer 11

Deltoid, rotator cuff muscles (underneath deltoid), teres major and minor

Question 12

What is the main muscle of the anterior compartment of the arm, its origin, insertion and action?

Answer 12

Biceps brachii
Origin - short head from coracoid process, long head from supraglenoid tubercle.
Insertion - radial tuberosity
Action - flexion of forearm

Question 13

What is the origin, insertion and action of the coracobrachialis?

Answer 13

Origin - coracoid process
Insertion - proximal part of shaft of humerus
Action - flexion and adduction of arm at glenohumeral joint.

Question 14

What is the origin, insertion and action of the brachialis?

Answer 14

Origin - anterior part, distal end of humerus
Insertion - ulna tuberosity
Action - flexion of forearm at elbow joints

Question 15

What is the only muscle at the posterior compartment of the arm, its origin, insertion and action?

Answer 15

Triceps brachii
Origin - long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lateral head: lateral side of humerus, medial head: medial side of humerus.
Insertion - olecranon
Action - extension of arm at glenohumeral joints, extension of forearm at elbow joints.

Question 16

What is the location, origin, insertion and action of the brachioradialis?

Answer 16

Anterior compartment of forearm
Origin - lateral side of humerus
Insertion - styloid process of radius
Action - flexion of forearm at elbow joint during half-pronation

Question 17

What is the origin and action of most of the flexors and extensors of the forearm?

Answer 17

Flexors: most originate from medial epicondyle. flexors of wrist and digits.
Extensors: most originate from lateral epicondyle. extensors of wrist and digits.

Question 18

What are the muscles of the hand and what are their actions?

Answer 18

Thenar -> movements of thumb

Hypothenar -> movements of little finger