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Module 204 > Morphological plan of the upper limb > Flashcards

Morphological plan of the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

Glenoid fossa

A

Part of scapula and the glenohumeral joint

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2
Q

Deltoid tuberosity

A

Halfway down the humerus where the deltoid inserts

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3
Q

Coracoid

A

crow’s head at a right angle

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4
Q

Radioulnar joint

A

Responsible for pronation and supination

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5
Q

Radial tuberosity

A

Biceps brachii insertion

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6
Q

Ulna tuberosity

A

Brachialis muscle insertion

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7
Q

Interosseous membrane

A

Holds ulna and radius bones together but, also allows some movement

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8
Q

Landmarks on the radius

A

Head
Radial tuberosity
Styloid process of radius

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9
Q

Landmarks on the ulna

A

Olecranon
Ulna tuberosity
Styloid process of ulna

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10
Q

D1

A

Thumb

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11
Q

D5

A

Little finger

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12
Q

Limb movements

A 
Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Lateral/medial rotation
Pronation/supination
Circumduction
Opposition
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13
Q

Shoulder movements

A 
Abduction
Adduction
Extension
Flexion
Lateral flexion (external)
Medial rotation (internal)
Circumduction
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14
Q

Elbow movements

A

Pronation
Supination
Extension
Flexion

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15
Q

Wrist movements

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction

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16
Q

Thumb movements

A

Extension (thumbs up)

Flexion (thumbs down)

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17
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction

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18
Q

Interphalangeal joints

A

Flexion and extension of digits

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19
Q

Compartments of upper limb

A 
Flexion = anterior
Extension = posterior
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20
Q

Pectoralis major

A 
Origin = sternum, costal cartilage, and clavicle
Insertion = lateral lip of bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus)
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21
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Function = protraction of the shoulder to draw the scapular forward

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22
Q

Serratus anterior

A 
Origin = medial wall of the thorax
Insertion = medial edge of scapula
Function = pulls scapula forward
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23
Q

Deltoid

A 
Origin = spine of the scapula
Function = extension and lateral rotation
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24
Q

Biceps brachii

A

2 heads responsible for flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint

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25
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Flexor of the arm and helps to draw the arm in front of the torso

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26
Q

Triceps brachii

A

long head, lateral head and medial head comes from shaft of the humerus
Insertion = olecranon
Function = extension of the forearm

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27
Q

Thenar eminence

A

Location of thenar muscles below thumb to cause movement of the thumb

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28
Q

Hypothenar eminence

A

Location of hypothenar muscles are below the little finger and involved in movement of the little finger

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29
Q

Back movements

A

Flexion and extension (bow and stand up)
Lateral flexion and lateral extension
Rotation in the cervical region (rotates the neck)

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30
Q

Back movements

A

Flexion and extension (bow and stand up)
Lateral flexion and lateral extension
Rotation in the cervical region (rotates the neck)

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31
Q

Primary curvatures

A

Thoracic and sacral kyphoses

Develop foetally anteriorly to allow the foetus to develop their spine (concave appearance)

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32
Q

Secondary curvatures

A

Develop during the first year of life allowing greater movements
Allows transition from crawling to walking, allowing the centre of gravity to shift through the spine
Cervical and lumbar lordoses

33
Q

Ligaments

A

Reinforce and stabilise joints, limit range of movement

34
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Resists hyperextension

Stretching of this ligament during car crashes is responsible for whiplash

35
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Resists hyperflexion

36
Q

Carpal bones

A

8

37
Q

What is the shoulder joint supported by?

A

Deltoid
Rotator cuff muscles
Teres major

38
Q

Flexors of upper limb

A

Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis

39
Q

Extensors of upper limb

A

Triceps brachii

40
Q

Flexor of wrist and digits origin

A

Medial epicondyle

41
Q

Extensors of wrist and digits origin

A

Lateral epicondyle

42
Q

Movement of the vertebral column

A

Flexion/extension
Lateral flexion/lateral extension
Rotation

43
Q

Function of 4 curvatures of vertebral column

A

Bipedalism
Shock absorption
Flexibility

44
Q

Ligaments of vertebral column

A

Reinforce and stabilise joints

Limit range of movement

45
Q

Whiplash

A

Injury to anterior longitudinal ligament

46
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Resists hyperextension

47
Q

Which ligaments of the upper limb resist hyperflexion?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Ligamentum flava

48
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

shock absorbers

Disc thickness increases down the vertebral column

49
Q

Function of intervertebral joints

A

Weight bearing and strength

50
Q

Clinical relevance of intervertebral discs

A

Disc protrusion

Herniation can impinge on nerve

51
Q

Nucleus pulpous

A

Core is semi fluid and helps to distribute pressure evenly across the disc

52
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Consists of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus

53
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Formed by type 1 and 2 collagen to make it strong and absorb compressive forces

54
Q

Facet joints

A

Joints between vertebral arches

55
Q

Cervical facet joints

A

Slight sloped angle
Flexion
Extension
Rotation

56
Q

Thoracic facet joints

A

Near vertical angle

Rotation only

57
Q

Lumbar facet joints

A

Wrapped

Flexion and extension only

58
Q

Clinical relevance of facet joints

A

Degeneration of facet joints can cause back pain

59
Q

Function of extrinsic muscles

A

Moves upper limbs or ribs

Consists of superficial and intermediate muscles

60
Q

Function of intrinsic muscles

A

Moves vertebral column and important for posture

Consists of deep muscles

61
Q

What separates the muscles of the back?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

62
Q

Superficial muscles of the back

A

Attach upper limb to trunk
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi

63
Q

Trapezius function

A

rotates scapula

64
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Adducts, extends, medially rotates arm

65
Q

What muscles are deep to the trapezius

A

Levator scapulae

Rhomboid minor and major

66
Q

Rhomboid minor and major

A

Retracts scapula

67
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Elevates scapula

68
Q

Layers of deep muscles

A

Splenius (superficial)
Erector spinae
Multifidus (deep)

69
Q

Erector spinae

A

Spinales
Longissimus
Iliocostalis
Extend/laterally flex/rotate vertebral column

70
Q

Origin of erector spinae

A

Erector spinae aponeurosis

71
Q

Spinales

A

Inserts into spinous processes

72
Q

Longissimus

A

Inserts into transverse processes

73
Q

Iliocostalis

A

Inserts into ribs

74
Q

Multifidus

A

Extend/rotate/stabilise vertebral column

75
Q

Anterior primary ramus

A

Extrinsic muscles

Mainly cervical rami

76
Q

Posterior primary ramus

A

Intrinsic muscles

77
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Scapula and clavicle

78
Q

Joints of the upper limb

A 
Glenohumeral joint
Elbow joint
Radiocarpal joint
Midcarpal joint
Carpometacarpal joint
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Interphalangeal joint
Saddle joint

Module 204 (5 decks)

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