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Module 204 > DR1: Back and Shoulder > Flashcards

DR1: Back and Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial muscles of the back

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius

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2
Q

Function of superficial muscles of the back

A

Attach pectoral girdle to the trunk

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3
Q

Upper fibres of trapezius

A 
Origin = external occipital protuberance of skull and spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion = clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Function = elevates the scapula and abducts (shrugging)
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4
Q

Middle fibres of trapezius

A 
Origin = spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae
Insert = spine of scapula
Function = retraction of the scapula (shoulders join backwards)
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5
Q

Lower fibres of trapezius

A 
Origin = spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae
Insert = spine of scapula
Function = depression of scapula
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6
Q

Location of rhomboids in relation to trapezius

A

Rhomboid minor and major muscles are below the trapezius muscle

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7
Q

Major and minor rhomboid muscles

A 
Origin = spinous processes of C7-T5
Insertion = medial border of scapula
Function = Retracts and rotates the scapula
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8
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin = thoracolumbar fascia of the back
Fibres travel upward around the inferior angle
Insertion = floor of intertubercular sulcus (or bicipital groove) of humerus
Function = extends, adducts and medially rotates the upper limb

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9
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Located on lateral wall
Origin = Individual slips from upper 8 ribs
Insertion = medial border of scapula
Innervated by long thoracic nerve from C5-7 roots of brachial plexus
Function = rotates scapula to allow elevation above 90degrees

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10
Q

Function of deep intrinsic muscles of the back

A

Accessory respiratory muscles that help expand the chest cavity during inspiration
Seen within the groove between the spinous processes of the vertebrae and angle of the ribs

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11
Q

Function of deep intrinsic muscles of the back

A

Accessory respiratory muscles that help expand the chest cavity during inspiration
Seen within the groove between the spinous processes of the vertebrae and angle of the ribs

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12
Q

Erector spinae muscles

largest group of deep muscles

A

Spinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis
Origin = erector spinae aponeurosis

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13
Q

Spinalis

medial erector spinae

A

Insertion = thoracic spinous processes and skull

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14
Q

Longissimus

intermediate erector spinae

A

Insertion = thoracic and cervical transverse processes

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15
Q

Iliocostalis

lateral erector spinae

A

Insertion = ribs

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16
Q

Multifidus

A

Deep to erector spinae
Origin = transverse processes
Insertion = spinous processes
Function = stabilises back and extends the vertebral column

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17
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Bony skeleton supporting the upper limb formed by clavicle and scapula

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18
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Point where the scapula and clavicle articulate

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19
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Point where the pectoral girdle articulates with the trunk

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20
Q

Bony features of scapula

A 
Acromion
Coracoid
Glenoid fossa
Suprascapular notch
Superior angle
Inferior angle
Subscapular fossa 
Infraspinous fossa
Supraspinous fossa
Spine
Supraglenoid tubercle
Infraglenoid tubercle
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21
Q

Bony features of humerus

A 
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Greater tubercle
Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
Deltoid tuberosity
Head of humerus 
Lesser tubercle
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22
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

A shallow articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
Synovial ball and socket joint allowing a range of movements

23
Q

Coracoacromial ligament

A

Forms the roof of the space through which the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle passes
Stabilises glenohumeral joint superiorly

24
Q

Tendon of supraspinatus

A

Injured by overhead activities such as throwing

25
Q

Teres minor

A 
Origin = dorsal aspect of lateral border of the scapula
Insertion = lowest facet on the greater tubercle of humerus
26
Q

Teres major

A 
Origin = inferior angle of scapula
Insertion = medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
27
Q

Subscapularis

A 
Origin = subscapular fossa
Insertion = lesser tubercle of humerus
28
Q

Infraspinatus

A 
Origin = infraspinous fossa 
Insertion = middle facet on greater tubercle
29
Q

Supraspinatus

A 
Origin = supraspinous fossa
Insertion = anterior facet on greater tubercle of humerus
30
Q

Deltoid

A 
Origin = lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula
Insertion = deltoid tuberosity of humerus
31
Q

Axillary fossa

A

Armpit

Formed by the base of the axilla

32
Q

Pectoralis major and minor

A

Innervated by pectoral nerves

33
Q

Contents of axilla

A

Axillary artery and branches
Axillary vein and tributaries
Lymph vessels and nodes
Brachial plexus

34
Q

Axillary artery

A

Formed as a continuation of subclavian artery after passing over the 1st rib

35
Q

Scalene triangle

A

Formed by anterior scalene muscle, middle scalene muscle, and 1st rib
Subclavian artery passes through

36
Q

Axillary artery

A

Passes through axilla towards the lower border of the teres major to become the brachial artery

37
Q

Axillary artery

A

Passes through axilla towards the lower border of the teres major to become the brachial artery
Divided into 3 by pectoralis minor muscle

38
Q

Branches from axillary artery

A

Anterior circumflex humeral
Posterior circumflex humeral
Subscapular artery

39
Q

Axillary vein

A

Runs alongside the axillary artery

Formed as a continuation of the basilic vein and terminates as the subclavian vein at the first rib

40
Q

Cephalic vein

A

Passes through the medial side of the arm near the basilic vein, and through the deltopectoral groove to join the axillary vein within axilla

41
Q

Roots of brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

42
Q

Trunks of brachial plexus

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

43
Q

Cords of brachial plexus

A

Lateral
Posterior
Medial

44
Q

Scalene triangle

A

Formed by anterior scalene muscle, middle scalene muscle, and 1st rib
Subclavian artery passes through
Trunks of brachial plexus pass through

45
Q

Trunks of brachial plexus

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior
Passes through brachial plexus

46
Q

Cords of brachial plexus

A

Lateral
Posterior
Medial
Below the pectoralis minor muscle, and named relative to the axillary artery

47
Q

Terminal branches of the brachial plexus

A 
Musculocutaneous
Ulnar
Median
Radial
Axillary
48
Q

Terminal branches of the brachial plexus

A 
Musculocutaneous
Ulnar
Median
Radial
Axillary
49
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

50
Q

Function of trapezius

A

Upper fibres = elevates scapula (shrugging of shoulders) and rotates arm during abduction
Middle fibres = retraction of scapula
Lower fibres = depression of scapula

51
Q

Function of rhomboid major and minor muscles

A

Posture of cervical and thoracic regions of back and stability of shoulders

52
Q

Quadrangular space

A 
Superior: teres minor
Inferior: teres major
Lateral: surgical neck of humerus
Medial: long head of triceps brachii
Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery and vein pass through this space
53
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

Deepens the glenohumeral joint

Module 204 (5 decks)

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