morphemes

Question 1

morpheme

Answer 1

smallest unit of language that contains meaning (makes sense) and cannot be broken down any further

ex) walks
morpheme: walk - s

Question 2

morphemes can be either

Answer 2

free or bound

Question 3

free

Answer 3

element that does not need more morphemes to be grammatical

ex) phone

Question 4

word

Answer 4

free forms that contain multiple morphemes

Question 5

what kind of morpheme does every word have?

Answer 5

root

core meaning of the word

Question 6

root

Answer 6

morpheme that contains the core meaning of the word

Question 7

affixes

Answer 7

may be added to the root morpheme to modify it

Question 8

are affixes bound or free

Answer 8

bound

Question 9

3 kinds of affixes:

Answer 9

prefixes (attaches to left of root)
suffixes (attaches to right of root)
infixes (attaches in the middle)

Question 10

distributional property of nouns

Answer 10

occurs with some/all determiners (articles)

ex) the cat, a race

Question 11

distributional property of verbs

Answer 11

occurs with some/all auxiliaries (helping verbs)

ex) can help, may want

Question 12

distributional property of adjectives

Answer 12

occurs with some/all degree words

ex) very bright, too fun

Question 13

base

Answer 13

form an affix attaches to

**may be bigger than the root

Question 14

prefixes - word formation rules equation

Answer 14

af + category of base –> category

ex) /de/ + V –> reverses V
de construct –> reverses construct

Question 15

suffixes - word formation rules equation

Answer 15

category of base + af –> category

ex) N + /s/ –> plural N

Question 16

words formation types:

Answer 16

derivation
inflection
compounding

Question 17

derivational affix

Answer 17

builds a word with meaning that differs from base

ex) reduce + ion = reduction

Question 18

inflectional affix

Answer 18

indicates grammatical info of various sorts

Question 19

can derivational or inflectional change the category of the word?

Answer 19

derivational (not always)

Question 20

inflectional affixes: nouns

Answer 20

-s –> plural (plants)
-s –> genitive (Pat’s thing)

Question 21

inflectional affixes: verbs

Answer 21

-s –> 3rd person present (he works)
-ed –> past tense (he worked)
-en/-ed –> past participle (he has worked)

Question 22

inflectional affixes: adjectives

Answer 22

-er –> comparative (newer)
-est –> superlative (newest)

Question 23

do we add derivational or inflectional affixes first?

Answer 23

derivational

ex) re + assess + ed
D + root + I

Question 24

compounds

Answer 24

combines two free forms and contains multiple roots

Question 25

exocentric compounds

Answer 25

does not take on either of the combined words

ex) hot dog –> has nothing to do with dog that is hot

Question 26

endocentric compounds

Answer 26

take on the meaning of 1 of the combined words

ex) horseshoe –> shoe for horse

Question 27

head of compound

Answer 27

element that determines the category of a compound

english head: rightmost root is head

Question 28

constituent

Answer 28

groupings that form coherent syntactic units

Question 29

substitution test

Answer 29

replace by word/short phrase while preserving meaning of og sentence

The bird kicked the cat.
He kicked the cat.
the bird = constituent

Question 30

movement test

Answer 30

can be moved to beginning or end of sentence while preserving meaning of og sentence

He runs at night –> at night he runs

Question 31

head

Answer 31

determines the category of the phrase

lexical category

Question 32

specifier

Answer 32

functional category

Question 33

complement

Answer 33

another phrase that complements the current one

Question 34

noun modifiers

Answer 34

adjectives

Question 35

verb modifiers

Answer 35

describe when/where/how verb is done