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Chapter 15 & 3 medical term. > Moreeeeee > Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

External fixation

A

Fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place

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2
Q

Traction

A

Pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the normal alignment

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3
Q

Immobilization/stabilization

A

Act of holding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast

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4
Q

Closed reduction/manipulation

A

Attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation

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5
Q

Periosteotomy

A

Incision through the periosteum to the bone

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6
Q

Osteotomy

A

Surgical cutting of a bone

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7
Q

Osteorrhaphy

A

Surgical suturing or wiring together bones

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8
Q

Osteoctomy

A

Surgical removal of a bone

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9
Q

Osteoclasis

A

Surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

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10
Q

Cranioplasty

A

Surgical repair of the skull

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11
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical incision or opening into the skull

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12
Q

Craniectomy

A

Surgical removal of a portion of the skull

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13
Q

Spinal fusion

A

Technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together two or more vertebrae

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14
Q

Laminectomy

A

Surgical removal of a lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra

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15
Q

Precutaneous vertebroplasty

A

Performed to treat osteoporosis related compression fractured

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16
Q

Percutaneous

A

Performed through the skin

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17
Q

Percutaneous disketomy

A

Performed to treat a herniated intervertebral disk, a thin tube is inserted through the skin of the back to suction out the rupture disk

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18
Q

Revision surgery

A

Replacement of a worn or failed implant

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19
Q

Hip resurfacing

A

Function restored to hip by placing a metal cap over the head of the femur to allow it to move smoothly over a metal lining the acetabulum

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20
Q

Total hip replacement

A

Restore a damaged hip to full function

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21
Q

Partial knee replacement

A

Only one part of the knee is replaced

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22
Q

Total knee replacement

A

All of the parts of the knee were replaced

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23
Q

Parietal bones

A

Two of the largest bones of the skull they form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

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24
Q

Frontal bone

A

Anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead

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25
Q

Cranium

A

Portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain.

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26
Q

Skull

A

Consists of 8 bones that form the cranium, 14 bones that face and 6 bones in the middle ear

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27
Q

Appendage

A

Anything that is attached to a major part of the body

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28
Q

Extremity

A

Terminal end of a body part such as a arm or leg

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29
Q

Appendicular system

A

Makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion,excretion, and reproduction.

30
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems

31
Q

Ligaments

A

Bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage

32
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth move,net of the joint possible

33
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

34
Q

Synovial capsule

A

Outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint

35
Q

Hinge joint

A

Knees and elbows allow movement primarily in one direction or plane

36
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Like the hips and shoulders allow a wide range of movement in many directions

37
Q

Synovial joint

A

Created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions

38
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Allows some movement to facilitate childbirth, located between the pubic bones in the front of the pelvis

39
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Allow only a slight movement and consists of bone connected entirely by cartilage

40
Q

Fontanelles aka soft spots

A

Normally present in the skull of a newborn they facilitate the passage of an infant through the birth canal

41
Q

Sutures

A

Do not allow any movement

42
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together

43
Q

Internal fixation

A

A plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces together

44
Q

Joints

A

Place of union between two or more bones

45
Q

Mastoid process

A

Body projection located on the temporal bones just behind the ears

46
Q

Process

A

Normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon

47
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Spinal cord passes through

48
Q

Foramen

A

Opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

49
Q

Distal epiphysis

A

End of the bone located farthest away from the midline of the body

50
Q

Proximal epiphysis

A

End of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body

51
Q

Epiphyes

A

Wider ends of long bones such as femurs of the legs,covered with articulate cartilage to protect it

52
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

53
Q

Meniscus

A

Curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints

54
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate, makes smooth joint movement possible and protects the bones from rubbing against eachother

55
Q

Articulate

A

Come together, to form joints

56
Q

Cartilage

A

Smooth, rubbery, blue white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones

57
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

A fat storage area

58
Q

Poietic

A

Pertaining to formation

59
Q

Hemopoietic

A

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells

60
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Located within the spongy bone, a hemopoietic tissue that manufacturers red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells and thrombocytes

61
Q

Endosteum

A

Tissue that lines the medullary cavity

62
Q

Medullary

A

Pertaining to the inner section

63
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, surrounded by compact bone

64
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Forms the lining of synovial joints and secretes synovial fluid

65
Q

Ossification

A

The normal process of bone formation

66
Q

Periosteum

A

The tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

67
Q

Um

A

Noun ending

68
Q

Compact bone/ cortical bone

A

The dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones.

69
Q

Examples of long bones

A

Femur, humerus

70
Q

Spongy bone/cancellous bone

A

Sponge-like, which makes it lighter and weaker than compact bone

Chapter 15 & 3 medical term. (6 decks)

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