Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ICT > More revision notes > Flashcards

More revision notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of a computer?

A 
Processor
Motherboard
RAM memory
Sound card
Graphics card
Optical Drive
Hard Drive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the physical devices that make up the computer called?

A

Hardware

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the computer programs, operating systems, utilities called?

A

software

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the processor?

A

The “brain” of the computer, does all the calculations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the motherboard?

A

The central circuit board of the computer. All the hardware has to connect to it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is RAM memory.

A

The “working memory” of the computer, this stores instructions/data before it is sent to the processor. IT is VOLATILE memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the sound card?

A

This sends sound to the speakers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the graphics card?

A

This is a hardware processor that creates the images and sends them to the screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an optical drive?

A

CD or DVD drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the hard drive?

A

The storage area of the computer, where you save software and data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why should you uninstall software that is no longer needed, rather than just deleting?

A

Deleting is likely to only remove part of the program, this can cause machine crashes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is input?

A

Entering data on to a computer system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an input device?

A

Any hardware used to enter data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is OCR?

A

Optical character reader (or recognition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is OMR?

A

Optical mark reader.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a barcode reader?

A

Any device for reading barcodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does an OCR do?

A

Scans in writing and attempts to process it to make an editable text document. Being used on print as well, to put old books online.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does an OMR do?

A

Looks for specific marks on the page, eg lines, crosses, Popular for multiple choice exams.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does a barcode reader do?

A

It reads barcodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the advantage of OCR?

A

It can be much quicker than typing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the advantage of OMR?

A

Faster than typing, more accurate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the advantage of barcode?

A

Very good at identifying a specific item.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the disadvantage of OCR?

A

Handwriting may be hard to read; tries to read coffee stain on old book.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the disadvantage of OMR?

A

A lot of effort to set up - specific input forms need to be devised, programs adjusted to read in the right position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the disadvantage of barcodes?

A

Have to be printed on the item in the first place. Use really limited only to identification.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of voice recognition?

A

Adv:

Faster than typing
No training required

Dis:

Takes time to set up
Background noise causes inaccuracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are biometrics?

A

Using human physical characteristics to give system security - eg retina recognition, fingerprint recognition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the advantages of inkjet printers versus lasers?

A

Inkjet:

Printer cheap to buy, but ink is expensive
Slower than laser, better quality
Ink smudges, but quiet to print
Ink available in colour packs

Laser:

Faster than laser, more expensive to buy
Ink lasts longer, lower quality than inkjet
Very reliable, great for offices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Name some other output devices?

A

Projectors
Speakers
Robot Arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is primary storage?

A

The memory that the computer uses to store the data that it needs to run.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random Access Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does ROM stand for?

A

Read Only Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is ROM used for?

A

Permanent computer instructions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the printer buffer?

A

Memory built into the printer to hold the document that it is printing/ about to print (printer queue).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is secondary storage?

A

Backing storage, anywhere that you save documents and programs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the most common secondary storage device?

A

The hard disk. Can be internal or external. A magnetic storage device.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Why would you use a hard disk to store data?

A

Very high transfer rate
Very high storage capacity (terabytes)
But
Moving parts mean that they break easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why would you use magnetic tape to store data?

A

It is very cheap.
Extra volumes are easy to add

But - slow transfer rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Why would you use flash USB memory sticks?

A

Cheap, lightweight
No moving parts, so reliable

Easily lost
Small capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Why would you use a flash memory card?

A

Used in camera or phone

No moving parts
Slow transfer rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Why would you use a Flash solid state hard drive?

A 
Very fast transfer rate
No moving parts, so reliable
but
Expensive
Low capacity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Why would you use optical drives?

A

Very cheap
Slow transfer rate
Low capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

How much can a CD hold?

A

700mb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How much can a dvd hold?

A

4gb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is meant by volatile memory?

A

When the computer turns off, the memory is lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is meant by non-volatile memory

A

Data is kept even when the computer turns off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is meant by a peer to peer network?

A

A network where every computer is linked to every other computer, directly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is meant by a client-server network?

A

A central “server” is linked to all computers,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are the advantages of peer to peer networks?

A

Easy to set up if there are less than 10 pcs;

if one cable breaks then the other links still work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are the disadvantages of peer to peer networks?

A

Complicated to set up if lots of PCs

Software has to be on every machine

Can only access your files on your pc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What are the advantages of client-server networks?

A

Central server is very powerful

Software on the central server can be shared everywhere

You can access all your files from any pc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are the disadvantages of client server networks?

A

If the server breaks, nothing works

Expensive to set up as the server is expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is a LAN?

A

Local area network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

When would you use a LAN?

A

Small geographical area, eg one building (school); uses cables or wifi; cheap to build and run;
share documents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is a WAN

A

Wide area network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

When would you use a WAN?

A

Eg International company
Underwater cables can be used
Expensive to build

the internet is a WAN

57
Q

What is encryption?

A

Coding data before sending it so that it cannot be read by anyone who does not have the code.

58
Q

What is the opposite of encryption?

A

Decryption

59
Q

Name some communication methods

A 
Smoke signals
Carrier pigeon
Mobile phones
SMS (texting)
Sat nav
Instant messenger
Message board
Email
Fax
Chatroom
VOIP
Landline
Letters/postal system
60
Q

How could you connect to the internet?

A

Modem
Broadband
Satellite

61
Q

Why do we no longer use modem very much?

A

Slow

Can’t use phone at the same time

62
Q

Why do we use broadband to connect to the internet?

A

It is always on, faster than a modem, cheaper.

63
Q

Why would we like to use satellite for connecting to the internet?

A

Fast, but expensive

64
Q

What are the advantages of wifi?

A

No wires to trip over

Work in the local coffee shop/leisure centre

65
Q

What are the disadvantages of wifi?

A

Wifi is easier for hackers;
not everywhere has wireless;
some people still worry about health risks

66
Q

What is downloading?

A

Copying the file onto your computer. A download can be used many times, but have to wait for the download to finish.

67
Q

What is streaming?

A

Playing the multimedia as it downloads, so if the network goes down you stop watching.

68
Q

What is the systems life cycle?

A 
Feasibility study
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Testing
Training
Evaluation and monitoring
Maintenance
69
Q

Systems life cycle.

What is the Feasibility study?

A

Can the project be completed on time? and on budget?

70
Q

Systems life cycle.

What is the Analysis?

A

Identify how current system works;
Identify problems with current system
Identify what new system should do

71
Q

Systems life cycle.

What is the Design?

A

Sketch the new system
Work out inputs, processes, outputs.
Design the tests

72
Q

Systems life cycle.

What is the implementation?

A

Build the system

73
Q

Systems life cycle.

What is the Testing?

A

Test the system, correct errors

74
Q

Systems life cycle.

What is the Evaluation and monitoring?

A

Check the original requirements are met

Monitor over time to see how well the new system is working

75
Q

Systems life cycle.

What is the Maintenance?

A

Upgrade the system to solve any issues/ minor bugs.

76
Q

What types of test are there?

A

Normal data - does the system work with the normal data
Extreme data - does the system cope with the highest and lowest values that it will encounter.
Erroneous data - make sure that invalid data cannot get in.

77
Q

What is GIGO?

A

Garbage in, garbage out - the system can only produce outputs that are as good as the inputs.

78
Q

What is verification?

A

Checking the data is correct - eg typing the same thing twice, reading the paper and comparing to screen.

79
Q

What is validation?

A

Presence check - must be filled in
Range check - value must be within limits
Look up list - value chosen from list
Format check - characters are in correct format
Length check - eg mobile number has 11 numbers

80
Q

What must you consider when presenting to people?

A 
Target audience -
age
what are their needs
what do they know
literacy level
interest level
disabilities
81
Q

Why would you need to reduce file size?

A

Make space on storage device

Up/download faster

82
Q

What do you call reducing the file size?

A

Compression. May lose quality.

83
Q

What does an operating system do?

A

Provides a user interface so that user can tell the computer what is wanted

Manages memory allocation

Manages filestore

Manages user accounts

Manages connected hardware

Error handling

Recognises presence of new hardware

Pretends life is simple so the user is not frightened off

84
Q

What is batch processing?

A

Saving up a load of processing to do it all in one go - eg payroll, or council tax bills, or letters allocating the new schools for year 6s.

85
Q

What is real time processing?

A

Changing the data as you go. Eg banking - you need to know that Fred has taken out his £100 as otherwise he could overdraw; games

86
Q

What is a GUI?

A

Graphical user interface

87
Q

What makes up a GUI?

A

WIMP

Windows
Icons
Menus
Pointers

88
Q

Give some examples of applications software:

A 
Spreadsheet
database
word processing
desktop publishing
web design
graphics
89
Q

Gives some examples of common features that make applications software user friendly.

A 
Undo
Cut copy paste
Wizard
help files
drag and drop
find and replace
zoom in/out
printing
adjust page orientation
font size/colour
bullet points
90
Q

Features of word processing?

A
  1. Edit text
  2. Lists
  3. Indentation
  4. Alignment
  5. Paragraphing
  6. Headings
  7. Borders
  8. Page numbers
  9. Spelling check
  10. Grammar check
  11. Line spacing
  12. Tables
  13. Insert images
  14. Word Count
  15. Insert clip-art
91
Q

Features of presentation software?

A
  1. Pre-made template
  2. Choose colour scheme
  3. Insert images
  4. Insert video
  5. Insert text
  6. Insert buttons
  7. Insert hyperlinks
  8. Add animation
  9. Add slide transition
92
Q

Features of web design software?

A
  1. Edit text
  2. Insert images
  3. Insert video
  4. Hyperlinks
  5. Hotspots
  6. Navigation bars
  7. Interactive Forms
  8. Animation
  9. Visitor Number Counters
93
Q

Festures Graphic design software?

A
  1. Fill colour
  2. Erase
  3. Pick colour
  4. Brush size
  5. Shading
  6. Draw lines
  7. Add layers
  8. Rotate images
  9. Crop images
94
Q

What data does a spreadsheet understand?

A 
Integers (whole numbers) 
Percentages 
Decimal places 
Currency 
Fractions 
Dates / times 
Text
95
Q

How can you make a spreadsheet user friendly?

A 
Borders 
Lock cells with formulae Macro navigation buttons 
Clear instructions
Images / clip-art 
Create graphs and charts
96
Q

What are the formulae on a spreadsheet?

A

Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division

97
Q

What are the functions on a spreadsheet?

A

Functions are more complicated calculations the Spreadsheet can perform:

Find the Average number from a list =average()
Find Maximum number from a list =max()
Find Minimum number from a list =min()
Add up a list of numbers =SUM()
Round a number up or down =round()
Round a number up =roundup
Count how many times something is in a list =count()
Lookup a value from another table (e.g. lookup what grade 60% is) =VLOOKUP()

98
Q

What is the most useful feature of spreadsheets?

A

Can be used to model “what if”? eg - what if we only got 50 6th formers next year.

99
Q

Database software definitions. Data

A

Raw facts and figures without meaning

100
Q

Database software definitions. Information

A

Data that has been processed to give it meaning

101
Q

Database software definitions. Field

A

An item of data (e.g. a Surname)

102
Q

Database software definitions. Record

A

A collection of data about 1 person or thing (e.g. a student record will include ID, Name, Address, Contact details)

103
Q

Database software definitions. table

A

Stores data about a group of similar things

104
Q

Database software definitions. Form

A

A User Friendly way to input data into a table

105
Q

Database software definitions. Key field

A

A field that has to have a unique number in it. E.g. ID no. Means you are able to tell the difference between two Mohammad Mohammads

106
Q

Database software definitions. Query

A

A way of searching through tables to find what you are looking for

107
Q

Database software definitions. Report

A

Displays the answers from a Query in a user friendly way

108
Q

Features of web browsing software?

A
  1. Back button
  2. Forward button
  3. URL Address Bar
  4. Favourites
  5. History log
  6. Zoom in/out
  7. Print
109
Q

What methods are there for finding information on the internet?

A

Key word searches (e.g. via Google)
Following links from a page of links (e.g. Wikipedia)
Type in the URL if you know it

110
Q

What is an ISP?

A

These are companies that give you access to the internet and to email, but they charge you a fee. E.g. AOL, BT, Virgin Media…

111
Q

What is phishing?

A

This is where fake websites are set up to look like official websites to trick you into giving the owners your log in details or credit card information. Usually a fake bank website or fake social media website

112
Q

What are the email protocols?

A

POP (Post Office Protocol) These are the rules that tell a computer how to receive emails
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) These are the rules that tell a computer how to send emails

113
Q

What are the features of email?

A 
Carbon Copy (CC) 
Blind Carbon Copy (BCC)
File Attachments 
Address Book 
Reply 
Forward
Create a signature
114
Q

What is a blog?

A

A website for people to provide commentary, personal thoughts, or news on a particular subject. It is like an online diary. People can usually comment on each article on it

115
Q

What is a social networking site?

A

a website where users can communicate with friends and family, and share images and videos. E.g. Facebook, Twitter, Myspace

116
Q

What are the advantages of a social networking site?

A
  1. Helps build communities
  2. Allows you to make friends
  3. Allows you to express your opinions
  4. Lets you see how friends and family are doing
  5. Easy to share photos and videos with friends/family
  6. Can be used to find out news and events
117
Q

What are the disadvantages of a social networking site?

A
  1. If you do not set your privacy settings anyone may read your personal info
  2. Your images might be copied or stolen by strangers
  3. Cyber-bullying is unfortunately very common
  4. Paedophiles can set up fake accounts for grooming
  5. Someone may post something about you that you do not like
  6. You may encounter stalkers
  7. Rumours may be started and spread
  8. It is not always easy to set your privacy settings up correctly
  9. Easy to waste time on them
  10. You can become addicted to them
118
Q

What is data logging?

A

When data taken by sensors is saved over a period of time for subsequent processing.

119
Q

What is the advantage of data logging?

A 
Readings are taken at exactly right time
Humans not needed
No human error
Readings are accurate 
Readings can be taken quickly
Can run 24/7
Can be situated in dangerous places (e.g. north pole)
120
Q

What are the disadvantages of data logging?

A

Equipment can malfunction

Equipment is expensive

121
Q

What is the Data Protection Act for?

A

A law to protect personal data from being misused.

122
Q

What is the data subject?

A

The person the data relates to.

123
Q

What is personal data?

A

Any data that can be identified as coming from a specific person.

124
Q

Who is the information commissioner?

A

A Government worker who enforces the DPA.

125
Q

What is the Personal Data Guardianship Code?

A

Simplified rules to make it easier for organisation to keep the law.

126
Q

What are the eight DPA rules?

A
  1. Only be used for legal purposes
  2. Only be used for the reason it was collected 3. Not keep extra information not needed 4. Be accurate and up to date
  3. Not be kept longer than needed
  4. Kept secure
  5. Not transferred outside the EU
  6. Not break data subject’s human rights
127
Q

What are the DPA exemptions?

A

Exemptions:

  1. Government can break the DPA to investigate Tax Fraud
  2. Police can break DPA to investigate crimes
  3. Doctors can break DPA for medical reasons
128
Q

What does the computer misuse act say?

A

This makes it illegal to:

  1. Send viruses on purpose
  2. Use a work computer for an unauthorised purpose
  3. Hack into someone else’s computer (to make changes or just to read data)
  4. Commit fraud
  5. Copy programs illegally (copyright)
129
Q

How does the Health and Safety at work Act apply to computer use?

A 
Injuries caused by using computer:
Repetitive strain injury
back ache
Eye strain
Stress
130
Q

How is industry changing because of IT?

A

Automated production lines:
Robots are replacing humans in the manufacturing process. E.g. robots build cars or furniture
More standard products:
New products are not very creative. E.g. smartphones are all very similar now
Automated stock control:
Computers can count stock levels and re-order things that are running out
Internet shopping: Shops can sell online now easily, so can close their high street shops
Creation of new industries: New jobs are created that didn’t exist 20 years ago. E.g. Website designers
Globalization: It is so easy and cheap to travel and communicate online now that businesses can find partners/suppliers abroad

131
Q

How are businesses changing due to IT?

A

Businesses can be smaller
Computers can many of the jobs of humans so with less employees you can have smaller office space (cheaper)
- Fewer unskilled jobs + More skilled jobs
Robots replacing unskilled jobs (e.g. food production)
Technical jobs to look after robots have been created
Location doesn’t have be high street
Businesses can move to cheaper offices because they can sell online.
This is resulting in empty shops on high streets
More teleworking
Working from home is now easy, so parents can work easier without worrying about child card
People need to be re-trained to use technology
Businesses need to invest in training their staff to use the new technology.
This is time consuming, but necessary

132
Q

What changes are there on actual jobs?

A
  1. Increased unemployment
  2. Training and retraining expected
  3. Teleworking
  4. Hot-desking
  5. Flexible hours
  6. Better job satisfaction
  7. Easier to do tasks
  8. Easier to monitor staff 9. Easier to work with others
  9. More blur between work & play
  10. Contactable at any time
133
Q

What are unacceptable uses of IT?

A 
EMAIL FLAMING
Spam 
Theft/fraud
Plagiarism
Breaking copyright (images/text/video)  Phishing 
Viruses
134
Q

What about the disabled?

A

One very positive effect of ICT on society is accessibility Accessibility describes how it is easier for those with disabilities, or the elderly to use technology to make their lives better

135
Q

You need to have opinions on:

A

DNA databases
Police database
Passport agency database
NHS

Think about expense
security
trust in the organisation
should they be funded by taxes?

136
Q

What about privacy?

A 
MI5 listening in to phone/internet browsing?
CCTV?
Speed cameras?
Facial recognition on cctv?
Government agency looking at cctv?
137
Q

ICT and the environment?

A

Better control of systems - heating, lighting can be controlled better, save power

Sat nav - direct route saves fuel

Traffic management systems - cars keep moving, less pollution

Pollution monitoring

138
Q

ICT and collaboration?

A

Sharing documents;
deadline monitoring;
teleworking

ICT (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions