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ICT > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the physical parts of a computer system called?

A

Hardware

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2
Q

What is the name for data entered into a system?

A

Input

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3
Q

What happens to data after processing?

A

Output

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4
Q

What is the word for manipulating data in various ways?

A

Processing

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5
Q

If information is kept for later it is

A

Stored

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6
Q

What is the main component of a modern computer?

A

Microprocessor

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7
Q

What is the “brain” of the computer called?

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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8
Q

What types of devices would have microprocessors?

A

eg. Computers, DVD players, washing machines, cars

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9
Q

The part of the computer system that cannot be touched

A

Software

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10
Q

Name two types of software

A

Operating system, applications software

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11
Q

What is a motherboard?

A

The main circuit board in the computer, with slots to plug in other boards.

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12
Q

What is interactive processing?

A

The computer responds to inputs from the user, eg a computer game.

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13
Q

What is multi-tasking?

A

Running more than one application at the time, for instance, printing, calculating a spreadsheet and playing a game.

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14
Q

What is real-time processing?

A

Updating the system as soon as something happens, for instance, reducing the number of washing machines in stock as soon as one is sold.

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15
Q

What is online processing?

A

Processing via an internet connection, for instance, reading emails and downloading attachments.

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16
Q

What are multi-user systems?

A

Systems that allow many users to use them at the same time, for instance showmyhomework.

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17
Q

What does ROM stand for?

A

Read-only memory.

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18
Q

What is in the computers ROM?

A

Instructions that are put there by the manufacturer, which cannot be modified. They would be used for booting up, for instance.

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19
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random access memory

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20
Q

What is in the computers RAM?

A

The programs and data that the computer is working on,

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21
Q

What happens to ROM when the computer is switched off?

A

Nothing, it stays there.

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22
Q

What happens to RAM when the computer is switched off?

A

It is wiped totally.

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23
Q

Name some input devices?

A

eg keyboard, mouse, card reader, scanner, touchscreen

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24
Q

Name some output devices?

A

eg speaker, printer, screen

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25
Q

What is secondary storage?

A

Any device used for storing data that will not be wiped when turned off.

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26
Q

What is the normal main secondary storage for a personal computer?

A

The hard drive

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27
Q

Name some secondary storage devices

A

eg DVDs, CDs, flash drives

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28
Q

What is the user interface?

A

The way the computer interacts with the person using it, so input devices, output devices, and the screen.

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29
Q

What is GUI?

A

Graphical User Interface, having a screen that interacts with icons, menus, pointers, etc

30
Q

What is a hyperlink?

A

Links to other web pages or files.

31
Q

What is the resolution?

A

How many dots make up the image, the more dots per inch the better the image

32
Q

What is a menu user interface?

A

A way of restricting the user to a few options on a menu/

33
Q

What is the file path?

A

The address of a file showing the folders that it is in, starting from the top.

34
Q

What is the file extension?

A

A code that defines the type of file. Put on the end of the file name after a dot.

35
Q

Why should you avoid special characters in file names?

A

Some operating systems do not allow them.

36
Q

Where would you store a collection of very large files (eg a collection of films)

A

An external hard drive.

37
Q

How much data fits onto a CD?

A

650 MB

38
Q

How much data fits onto a DVD?

A

4.7 GB

39
Q

How much data fits onto a USB memory stick?

A

Depends on the stick, up to 256GB is common

40
Q

How much data can be put onto a portable hard drive?

A

4 TB is now common

41
Q

What is “zipping” files?

A

Compressing them to make them smaller to send. They need to be unzipped at the other end.

42
Q

What is meant by “encoding” data?

A

Changing data from one form to another, for instance, instead of typing in the word blue a code of 1 will be assigned.

43
Q

What is the word for the file becoming unreadable?

A

Corrupt

44
Q

What is likely to happen if you store too much on your computer?

A

If you fill up the hard drive the computer will run very slowly.

45
Q

Why would you use an ergonomic keyboard?

A

They are specially shaped to make typing easier and to reduce strain on the users hands.

46
Q

What is OMR?

A

Optical Mark Recognition - used for multiple choice exams

47
Q

What is OCR?

A

Optical Character Recognition, getting the computer to read text.

48
Q

What are the problems with OCR?

A

Handwriting is hard for a computer to read, so accuracy can be a problem. Computer easily confused by marks.

49
Q

What is a plotter?

A

A specialised printer that can draw graphs. or engineering drawers.

50
Q

What is a buffer?

A

An area of storage where data is placed until the output device can deal with it. eg a printer will have a buffer to store the printout while it prints.

51
Q

What is a byte?

A

A single character, usually made up of 8 bits (individual 1s and 0s).

52
Q

What is a megabyte?

A

1024 bytes

53
Q

What is a gigabyte?

A

1024 MB

54
Q

What is a terabyte?

A

1024 GB

55
Q

What is a backup?

A

A copy of the data in case of data being stolen or corrupted

56
Q

Why use off site backups?

A

Losing data can, at worst, cause a company to fold, so keeping copies of data in a different place can be sensible.

57
Q

What are optical drives?

A

DVD drives and CD drives, both read by laser.

58
Q

What is virtual memory?

A

A way of using part of the hard drive to provide additional RAM, to make the computer run faster.

59
Q

What is online storage?

A

Data storage via the internet.

60
Q

What is LAN?

A

A Local Area Network, a way of connecting computers that are physically close together - eg a school

61
Q

What is WAN?

A

A Wide Area Network, a way of linking all the computers in a company, which may be in different towns/ countries.

62
Q

What is WWW?

A

World Wide Web - A system of internet servers that supports a collection of internet pages which are interconnected via hyperlinks.

63
Q

What is VOIP?

A

Voice over internet protocol - a way of using the internet for cheap phone calls - eg skype.

64
Q

What is a modem?

A

Until recently, it was the way to connect to the internet via the telephone line. It translated the digital signal to analog , and back again. (Stands for modulator/demodulator)

65
Q

What is a dongle?

A

A way of connecting to the internet using a SIM card, using the dongle as a modem.

66
Q

What is a server?

A

A computer being used to manage a computer network.

67
Q

What is a digital signal?

A

A signal that can have only two values, on and off.

68
Q

What is an analog signal?

A

A signal that varies continuously

69
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

The rate at which data can be transferred

70
Q

What is a SIM card?

A

A Subscriber Identity Module Card, a card inserted into a mobile phone or dongle that provides the device with a unique id.

71
Q

What is an Integrated entertainment system?

A

A system that provides TV,music, video, audio, gaming entertainment.

72
Q

What is a cookie?

A

A file that enables a website to remember you, and can also be used to track you. The website stores a small text file on your computer.

ICT (2 decks)

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