More problems with experiments Flashcards

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1
Q

Demand characteristics

A

A cue which results in the participants becoming aware of the aims of the study or helps participants to work out what the researcher expects to find.

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2
Q

Investigator effect (investigator or experimental bias)

A

Cues (other than the IV) from an investigator that encourage certain behaviors in the participant, and which might lead to a fulfilment of the investigator’s expectations.

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3
Q

What is a direct effect of an Investigator effect?

A

A investigator interacting with a participant

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4
Q

What is an indirect effect of an investigator effect?

A

A consequence of the investigator designing the study

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5
Q

What is the ‘screw you’ effect?

A

Where a participant deliberately behaves in a way that spoils an experiment

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6
Q

How could demand characteristics effect a study?

A

They may act as extraneous or confounding variables.

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7
Q

How could Investigator effects effect a study?

A

Can act as confounding or extraneous variables.

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8
Q

What is the ‘investigator experimental design effect’?

A

Where the investigator may operationalise the measurement of variables in such a way that the desired result is more likely, or may limit the duration of the study for the same reason.

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9
Q

What is the ‘investigator loose procedure effect’?

A

The situation where a investigator may not clearly specify the standardised procedures which leaves room for the results to be influenced by the experimenter.

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10
Q

How could you reduce the effect of demand characteristics and investigator effects?

A

Single blind design
Double blind design
Experimental realism

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11
Q

What is a single blind design?

A

The participant is not aware of the researchers aims and/or which condition of the experiment they are recieving

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12
Q

How does a single blind design reduce the chances of demand characteristics?

A

It prevents the participants from seeking cues about the aims of the experiment

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13
Q

What is a double blind design?

A

Both the participant and the person conducting the experiment is ‘blind’ to the aims and hypotheses.

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14
Q

How does a double blind design reduce the chances of demand characteristics?

A

The person conducting the investigation is less likely to produce cues about what they expect.

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15
Q

What is experimental realism?

A

When the researcher makes the task engaging enough that the participant pays attention to the task and not the fact that they are being observed.

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16
Q

What are participant variables?

A

Any characteristic of individual participants.

17
Q

In what experimental design do participant variables become extraneous variables.

A

independent groups design

18
Q

What do participant variables include?

A
Age
Sex
Intelligence
Motivation
Experience
etc...
19
Q

What are situation variables?

A

Features of a research situation that may influence participants’ behavior and thus act as extraneous variables or confounding variables.