Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 2 RSU > More physio colloq 2 > Flashcards

More physio colloq 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which statement about the myogenic blood vessel diameter regulation is correct?

a) It can be triggered by nitric oxide
b) It is related with IP3 and DAG generation in the smooth muscle cells
c) It activates due to stretch of blood vessel wall and leads to vasodilation
d) It is activated by opening of ligand-gated calcium channels in smooth muscle cells
e) It activates due to stretch of blood vessel wall and leads to vasoconstriction

A

e) It activates due to stretch of blood vessel wall and leads to vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which factors increase cerebral blood flow?
a) Greater blood pressure in the external carotid arteries
b) Lower activity is the vasomotor centre in the brain
c) Lower intracranial pressure
d) Dilation of vertebral arteries
e) Lower arterial blood pressure

A

c) Lower intracranial pressure
d) Dilation of vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which organs/tissues get greater blood volume during physical exercise than at rest?

Skin
Gastrointestinal
Renal
Coronary
Pulmonary

A

Coronary
Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which neurotransmitter and corresponding receptor works at the end of sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers?

Acetylcholine ->M1 cholinoreceptor
Acetylcholine ->M3 cholinoreceptor
Norepinephrine -> alpha1 adrenoreceptor
Norepinephrine -> beta 2 adrenoreceptor
Norepinephrine -> beta 1 adrenoreceptor
Acetylcholine ->M2 cholinoreceptor

A

Norepinephrine -> alpha1 adrenoreceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

During physical activity skeletal muscles receive more blood in relaxation than in contraction phase. true/false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which metabolic factors dilate arterioles?

Increased potassium ion concentration extracellularly
Increased partial pressure of oxygen
Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide
Decreased pH
Alkalosis

A

Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide
Decreased pH
Increased potassium ion concentration extracellularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of these persons have increased maximal oxygen uptake?

Male 36 ml/min
Female 46 ml/min
Male, 68 ml/min
Male, 51 ml/min
Female, 28 ml/min

A

average
female: 30-40ml/min
male 45-50ml/min tai jotain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much blood in l/min at rest is delivered to the pulmonary circulation (if decimal places are used, please separate them with the point/dot)?

A

5 l/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which mechanisms DO NOT provide substance exchange through the capillary wall?

Osmosis
Diffusion
Macropinocitosis
Filtration
Micropinocitosis

A

Macrpinocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Increase of baroreceptor activity will cause…
a) Decreased excitation of sympathetic efferent effect to heart
b) Increased excitation of parasympathetic efferent effect to heart
c) Decreased heart activity
d) Decreased excitation of nucleus tractus solitarii
e) Increased heart contractility
f) Increased excitation of nucleus tractus solitarii
g) Decreased excitation of parasympathetic efferent effect to heart
h) Increased excitation of sympathetic efferent effect to heart

A

A C F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which pressure increase can lead to greater filtration through the capillary wall?
a) Colloid-osmotic pressure in the interstitium
b) Hydrostatic pressure in the capillary
c) Colloid-osmotic pressure in the capillary
d) Hydrostatic pressure in the interstitium
e) Colloid-osmotic pressure in the subglycocalyx space

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What from the mentioned happens during the isovolumetric contraction phase of the
left ventricle?
a) Semilunar valves are closed during it
b) Pressure in the ventricle is greater than pressure in the atrium
c) Pressure in the ventricle does not change
d) There is end diastolic volume in the left ventricle at the beginning of it
e) At the end of it the second heart sound is recorded

A

ABD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following can increase stroke volume of the left ventricle?
a) Increased ventricular filling pressure
b) Increased epinephrine level in blood
c) Increase of end diastolic volume
d) Increased heart rate
e) Increased activity of cardiac parasympathetic nerves

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What events are seen in PQs?
a) Repolarization of atria
b) Repolarization of ventricles
c) Impulse spread through the atria
d) Impulse spread through the AV node
e) Impulse spread through the ventricles

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is correct about the sympathetic effect on the heart?
a) It realizes through beta 2 receptor
b) It leads to increased permeability of funny sodium channels
c) It leads to increased permeability of L-type calcium channels
d) Neurotransmitter increases IP3 and DAG generation in the cardiac muscle
e) It leads to increased permeability of potassium channels

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of these effects are caused by sympathetic nervous system?
a. contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
b. male erection
c. stimulation of lipolysis
d. constriction of pupils
e. increase in heart contractility

A

c and e

Sympathetic NS causes bronchial vasodilation, vasodilation of pupils (larger vision)

17
Q

Which of these effects ARE NOT caused by sympathetic nervous system?
a. contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
b. male erection
c. stimulation of lipolysis
d. constriction of pupils
e. increase in heart contractility

A

b, a, d

Male erection caused by parasym. NS

18
Q

What is correct about the lower motor neuron damage?
a. it is observed in damage of primary motor cortical area
b. it leads to lower muscle tone in the innervated muscle
c. it leads to spastic paralysis
d. it leads to atrophy of the innervated muscle
e. it leads to hyperactive reflexes in the innervated muscle

A

D

Types of paralysis:
Flaccid – damage of lower motor neurons
* Signs:
→ areflexia = damage of nerve fiber connecting the motor neuron with skeletal muscle =
reflex are lost
→ atonia = muscle tone decrease (same function as above)
→ atrophy = the skeletal muscle never gets activated and it undergoes atrophy

Spastic paralysis is because of upper motor neuron damage - Babinski reflex.
(from the brain to the motor neurons)
* Signs:
→ hyperreflexia
→ hypertonia
→ no atrophy

19
Q

Which of mentioned are not parasympathetic effects in the body?
a. decreased platelet aggregation
b. decrease of glycogenolysis
c. dilation of coronary arterioles
d. constriction of bronchi
e. better far vision

A

C and E, also B, because PSNS does not innervate glycogenolysis

20
Q

Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor mimetic drugs can decrease norepinephrine release
from sympathetic nerve fiber varicosities?

True/False

A

True:
Alpha 2 – Clonidine = located presynaptically, inhibits release of norepinephrine → decrease of arterial blood pressure, decreasing of contraction of smooth muscle cell (use for glaucoma in the eye in to high pressure)

21
Q

Beta 2 adrenergic receptors blockers dilate pupils.
a. True
b. False

A

False:
Beta 2 dilates pupils due to the SNS innervation. Blocking Beta 2 should lead to pupils contraction.

22
Q

In which case sympathetic nervous system uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter
for activation of effector organ?
a. Skeletal muscles fibers
b. Salivary glands
c. Pupillary muscle cells
d. Cardiac muscle cells
e. Sweat glands

A

E:
Within the sympathetic nervous system, the only postganglionic neurons that release acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter are those found innervating the sudoriferous (sweat) glands and some blood vessels of non-apical skin.

23
Q

A particular type of adrenergic receptor in effector organ:
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, or Beta 2, or Beta 3
-located on smooth muscle cells in bronchi
-cause relaxation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels
-Presynaptic receptor in adrenergic synapse that stimulates norepinephrine
release

A

Beta 2

24
Q

A particular type of adrenergic receptor in effector organ:
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, or Beta 2, or Beta 3
-causes contraction of bladder sphincter muscle
- Stimulate IP3 and DAG production
- Causes contraction of smooth muscles in arterioles

A

Alpha 1

25
Q

A particular type of adrenergic receptor in effector organ:
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, or Beta 2, or Beta 3

-stimulates platelet aggregation
stimulates platelet aggregation

A

Alpha 2

26
Q

A particular type of adrenergic receptor in effector organ:
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, or Beta 2, or Beta 3

-predominant receptor in adipose tissues

A

Beta 3

27
Q

What is the main hormone that is released from adrenal medulla?

A

Epinephrine

28
Q

Which centers of the central nervous system belong to the middle level of motor
hierarchy?
a. cerebellum
b. spinal cord motor neurons
c. tertiary motor area of the cortex
d. primary motor area in the cerebral cortex
e. midbrain

A

A D E

29
Q

.Which is the main neurotransmitter that is released from preganglionic neuron in the
intramural ganglion?
a. acetylcholine
b. epinephrine
c. norepinephrine
d. dopamine
e. gamma-aminobutyric acid
f. glutamate

A

A

btw,
Intramural = neurons in the secreting organ.

Also…
Parasympathetic nervous system:
→ Located in the medullary region, N. vagus nuclei
→ Send fibers to the intramural ganglion were they relay on the postganglionic fibers
→ Ach is bounded to the muscarinic 2 receptor
→ Causing negative effect (Chrono, Ino, Lusi, Batmo, Dromotropic effects)

30
Q

Which cranial nerves contain autonomic nerve fibers?
a. cranial nerve I
b. cranial nerve II
c. cranial nerve III
d. cranial nerve IV
e. cranial nerve V
f. cranial nerve VI
g. cranial nerve VII
h. cranial nerve VIII
i. cranial nerve IX
j. cranial nerve X
k. cranial nerve XI
l. cranial nerve XII

A

C, G, i, J

31
Q

What the second messenger system activation triggers smooth muscle contraction in
the bladder internal sphincter?
a. cGMP
b. troponin
c. cAMP
d. DAG
e. IP3

A

DAG and IP3

32
Q

Atropine – Muscarinic = [block/stimulates] the parasympathetic effect = causes the [dilation/constriction] of the eye
and [increase/decreases] sweating

A

Atropine – Muscarinic = block the parasympathetic effect = block the dilation of the eye
and decrease sweating

33
Q

Which centers of the central nervous system belong to the lower level of motor
hierarchy?
a. motor neurons of cranial nerves in brain stem
b. spinal cord motor neurons
c. cerebellum
d. tertiary motor area of cortex
e. primary motor area in the cerebral cortex

A

A and B

34
Q

where can be the lower centers of the sympathetic nervous system located?
a. In thoracic segments of the spinal cord
b. in lumbar segments of the spinal cord
c. in the hypothalamus
d. medulla oblongata
e. in sacral segments of the spinal cord

A

Highest centre of sympathetic nervous system = hypothalamus
* Lowest centre of sympathetic nervous system = thoracic, lumbar region

35
Q

Calculate the filtration pressure through the capillary wall.

Hydrostatic pressure in the interstitium is 7mmHg
Hydrostatic pressure in the capillary is 23mmHg
Mean arterial blood pressure is 92 mmHg
Central venous pressure is 3mmHg
Colloid osmotic pressure in the interstitium is 8 mmHg
Colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary 23mmHg

A

[HydPi-HydPc] - [COPi-COPc]

1mmhg

36
Q

Left ventricular stroke volume decreases during inspiratory efforts?

true/false?

A

The increase in right ventricular filling increases right ventricular stroke volume during inspiration. The volume then is passed to the pulmonary vasculature, and within a few beats, to the left heart in what is called a “series” effect.

But inspiration drops intrathoracic pressure, dilates the thoracic vena cava, and acutely decreases atrial filling.

The increased negative pleural pressure may be responsible for increases in right heart volume due to increased venous return. This mechanism has also been suggested as one of the causes of the fall in left ventricular stroke volume by ventricular interdependence due to changes in left ventricular pressure/volume (P/V) relations, i.e., compliance.

In short: true! :D

37
Q

Exercises

Varicose veins are veins that become enlarged because the valves no longer close properly, allowing blood to flow backward. Varicose veins are often most prominent on the legs. Why do you think this is the case?

A

Blood in the legs is farthest away from the heart and has to flow up to reach it.

38
Q

sult of ________.
a high cardiac output and high peripheral resistance
a high cardiac output and low peripheral resistance
a low cardiac output and high peripheral resistance
a low cardiac output and low peripheral resistance

A

A

39
Q

How does blood pressure change during heavy exercise

A

The heart rate increases, which increases the hydrostatic pressure against the artery walls. At the same time, the arterioles dilate in response to the increased exercise, which reduces peripheral resistance.

Physiology 2 RSU (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions