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more hsci content Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four key factors/determinants of population health?

A

Biology, Lifestyle behaviours, Environment, use of formal health care services

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2
Q

What are characteristics of urban sprawl?

A
  1. low residential density
  2. rigid zoning separation of residential areas from commercial and industrial
  3. Automobile use
  4. Low activity town centres
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3
Q

What are the 4 dimensions of social exclusion?

A
  1. Exclusion from civil society
  2. Exclusion from social goods
  3. Exclusion from social production
  4. Economic Exclusion
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4
Q

What are three aspects that make up socioeconomic status?

A

Income, occupation, Education

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5
Q

What is the social gradient?

A

A graded association between indicators of socioeconomic status and population health

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6
Q

What are the 3 explanations of social gradient in health?

A
  1. Materialist and neo-materialist explanations
    Materialist - greater exposure to psychosocial stressors from financial problems, neighbourhood issues, social location (differential exposure hypothesis)
  2. cultural behavioural explanations
    all have stressors, position makes it worse, engage in poor health habits as coping mechanisms (differential vulnerability hypothesis)
  3. psychosocial explanations
    Interpretation of standing = low self esteem, sense of coherence = poor health
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7
Q

What is the natural attitude toward sex and gender?

A
  1. human body is categorized into sexes, male or female
  2. categorization based on fixed scientific standards
  3. sex corresponds to sexuality
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8
Q

What are major gender differences in health?

A
  1. women live longer than men
  2. Differs in major causes of death (men - accidents and suicides)
  3. women suffering more ill health (mental, chronic..)
  4. women make more frequent use of formal health care than men
  5. there are gender differences in social determinants of health
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9
Q

What are explanations of gender differences in health and illness

A
  1. Role Accumulation hypothesis - women’s many roles lead to good health
  2. Role strain hypothesis - too many roles lead to women’s poor health
  3. Social acceptability hypothesis - women are socialized to accept sick role
  4. Risk taking hypothesis - men socialized to engage in risky behaviour
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10
Q

What are ethnic differences in health in Canada?

A
  1. Indigenous have poorer health outcomes because of social exclusion and racism
  2. There is a “healthy immigrant effect” that deteriorates over time
  3. There are ethnic differences in perception and understanding of symptoms
  4. There are ethnic differences in health care behaviour
  5. There are ethnic differences in social determinants of health
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11
Q

What are explanations of ethnic differences in health and illness?

A
  1. Biological Determinist
  2. Cultural Behavioural
  3. Socioeconomic
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12
Q

What are health lifestyles according to Bourdieu?

A
  1. Collective phenomenon
  2. Patterns of consumption
  3. Shaped by life choices and life chances
  4. Accumulated across life course, part of socialization and has enduring health consequences
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13
Q

What are the rules of medicare?

A
  1. Comprehensiveness - all necessary medical services guaranteed
  2. Universality - eligible for coverage based on uniform terms and conditions
  3. Portability - benefits transfer province to province
  4. Public administration - health care administered by non profit agency
  5. Accessibility - reasonable access to medical care
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14
Q

What are the three challenges to population health?

A
  1. Find ways to reduce inequalities income
  2. more effective at prevention
  3. Enhance people’s abilities to manage and cope with skills and support
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15
Q

What are three health promotion mechanisms?

A
  1. Self care
  2. Mutual aid
  3. Healthy environments
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16
Q

What are three health promotion implementation strategies?

A
  1. Foster public participation
  2. Strengthen community health services
  3. create healthy public policy that provides opportunities for health
17
Q

As we pursue wellness, what should we know the difference between?

A
  1. Producing health VS consuming health
  2. Vision VS Realities
  3. Documenting VS reducing inequalities
  4. Formulating VS Implementing healthy public policy
  5. health and wellness as a virtue VS medicalized
18
Q

What is the type of study that helped epidemiologists discover that TSS was caused by tampons?

A

case control studies

19
Q

What was Raphael’s term to describe macro level factors like tax policies that indirectly influence health?

A

vertical structures

20
Q

Virchow concluded this was the PRIMARY cause of 1849 typhus epidemic in upper Silesia

A

Feudalism, unfair tax policies, Lack of democracy = poor living conditions, inadequate diet, poor hygiene

21
Q

Since 2007 there has been a 4.5% growth in the cost of this in Canada’s health care system

A

physicians

22
Q

This concept describes illness cause by medical intervention

A

Iatrogenesis

23
Q

By this year all Canadian provinces had medicare

A

1972

24
Q

What is the difference between materialist and neomaterialist explanations?

A

Materialistic - emphasize material conditions people live (aspects of social structure (occupation, income, education)), influenced by political economy perspective of conflict paradigm

Neo-Materialist - Health not only from differential access to social and economic resources, also from funding invested in social infrastructure

25
Q

What year does Saskatchewan initiate first hospital insurance plan?

A

1947

26
Q

What year is the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Service act made

A

1957

27
Q

What year did Saskatchewan establish medical insurance plan for physicians’ services

A

1962

28
Q

What was Medicare implememented

A

1968

29
Q

When was the Canadian health act implemented

A

1984 - receive federal support, prohibitions of user fees and extra charges

30
Q

How many dollars spent for each Canadian average 2016 for health care

A

6, 299$

31
Q

How much money going to physicians, drugs, and hospitals

A

60% total health expidenture

32
Q

Explanations of deteriorating immigrant health

A

Converging lifestyles
Access to care
Stress of relocation
Structural racism

33
Q

When was HIV first discovered

A

1981

HSCI (2 decks)

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