More Chapter 2 and some Chapter 4 (Exam 1) Flashcards
Thick layer of polysaccharides surrounding some cells that can provide adhesion, defense against host immunity, and protection from drying out
Capsules
Capsules can help bacteria form this structure which provides protection and enhanced survivability in harsh environments. It is porous enough for nutrients to move through it
ex) Dental plaque and mold on bathroom surfaces
Biofilms
This structure is thick and firmly attached to the surface of cells
This is thin and loosely attached, just on top of the cell
Capsule
Slime Layer
Rare for bacteria, common for archea
A crystalline array of interlocking proteins that can act as armor, protecting against predation of infection with bacteriophages
Surface Array Layers (S-Layers)
In ______ S-layers are just an addition
In _____ S-Layers comprise the wall
Bacteria
S-Layers
Most microbes still can’t be cultured
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A group of strains sharing common features, while differing considerably from other strains
Species
A group of closely related strains
Genus
Kingdom used to be the highest level and was called
What changed this?
Monera
The genetic differences found between kingdoms
Today, DNA sequencing is mostly how we analyze for classification
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What is a good structure that scientists classify species with? It can withstand high heat and dry conditions, UV light can’t destroy bacteria within it
Endospore
Note, all bacteria depend upon DNA–>RNA—Protein system
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This domain is the producers for the deep ocean, cal live in high sal environments
Archea
What was used to compare baceria and archea and establish a phylogenetic tree
Who began them?
They were first poorly classified by their ability to produce ___ as a byproduct
rRNA gene sequences
Woose and Fox
Methane
Halobacterium can survive in high ___ environments
Salt
