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Question 1

2nd LAW THERMODYNAMICS

Answer 1

When converting energy from one form to another, you “lose” some of it in the form of heat. As this “lost” energy builds up, so does the entropy aka disorder in the universe.

Question 2

Gibbs free energy equation for converting energy

Answer 2

ΔG= ΔH-TΔS

Gibbs= heat - temp(disorder)

Question 3

WHEN IS A RXN SPONTANEOUS / NON SPON/ AT EQLBM?

Answer 3

ΔG = 0 ➡️ equilibrium
-ΔG = spontaneous & exergonic (gives off heat)
+ΔG = non spontaneous & endergonic

respiration breaks down glucose -ΔG
Photosynthesis makes glucose and required energy added to RXN +ΔG

Question 4

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 4

Phosphate group + energy added to ADP to form ATP

Question 5

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 5

Electron transport chain transfers phosphate group to ADP to form ATP but doesnt transfer the energy from the phosphate group’s bonds.

Question 6

3 steps of generating ATP via AEROBIC RESPIRATION

Answer 6

1. GLYCOLYSIS
2. KREBS CYCLE
3. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

Question 7

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION - GENERATE ATP WITHOUT OXYGEN 2 types:

Answer 7

Alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation

Question 8

1st LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Answer 8

Energy can’t be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another (kinetic vs potential).