More about the body and how the outside world can effect it

Question 1

How can hormones be used to reduce fertility?

Answer 1

Oestrogen can be used to prevent the release of an egg.

Progestorone can be used to reduce fertility as it stimulates cervical mucus disallowing the sperm to reach the egg.

Question 2

How can they be taken?

Answer 2

The are taken by the pill which is an oral contraceptive.

Question 3

What are the pros of using the pill?

Answer 3

99% effective and reduces the risk of some types of cancers.

Question 4

What are the cons of the pill?

Answer 4

There is a small chance of pregnancy, it can cause headaches, nausea, irregular menstral bleeding and fluid retention.

Question 5

How can hormones be used to increase fertility?

Answer 5

Some women have low FSH, at times this is too low for the egg to be released, to counteract this the hormones FSH and LH are used to mature the egg and stimulate the egg release.

Question 6

What are the pros of this injection?

Answer 6

It helps a women get pregnant.

Question 7

What are the cons of this injection?

Answer 7

It doesn’t always work so the multiple usage would cause it to be expensive and too many eggs may be stimulated causing multiple pregnacies e.g. twins.

Question 8

Name another known way of helping couples have babies.

Answer 8

IVF.(In Vitro Ferilisation).

Question 9

Name the stages of IVF.

Answer 9

Womens eggs collected-Eggs ferilised by man sperm.
Once the embryoes are big enough, they are then transferred into the uterus to improve the chance of pregnancy. FSH and LH are given before to stimulate the production of eggs.

Question 10

What are the pros of IVF?

Answer 10

IVF can give couples a child.

Question 11

What are the cons of IVF?

Answer 11

Some women have bad reactions to the hormones like abdominal pain and vomitting.
Multiple births.

Question 12

What is Auxin?

Answer 12

The plant hormone that controls growth near the tips of shoots and roots.

Question 13

How do these plant hormones work?

Answer 13

Refer to GCSE Biology revision guide.

Question 14

What is homeostasis?

Answer 14

The constant internal environment that your body tries to mainatain

Question 15

what bodily levels mus be controlled?

Answer 15

Ion content
Water content
Sugar content
Temperature

Question 16

What are the three stages of medicinal drugs?

Answer 16

1) Drugs tested on human cells and tissues, but medicines that affect the whole body don’t need to be tested like this.
2) Live animals-See if it works-find any toxic chemicals-used to find correct dosage.
3) Human volunteers-Healthy volunteers to check for negative effects and optimum dosage (effect and least amount of side effects)one sample given placebo and the other given the real drug-see how good the effect is/ is it worth selling.Double blind-Neither patient nor doctor knows what drug has been prescribed.

Question 17

What are the three types of cloning?

Answer 17

Tissue culture
Embryo Transplants
Adult Cloning

Question 18

How do you use a tissue culture to clone?

Answer 18

Takes cutting of plant-Keeps in moist conditions-Until ready to plant-New genetically identical plant.
Plant cell put in growth medium with hormone, new plant-clones. Made quickly.

Question 19

How are clones made by embryo transplants?

Answer 19

Sperm cells and egg cells collected from prize bulls and cowsl-Artificial fertilization-Embryo split before any specialisation-Genetically identical embryos are put into other cows producing offspring off prize animals.

Question 20

Adult Cell cloning?

Answer 20

Unfertilised egg cell has adult body cell info put into it.Given electric shocks to cause splitting, put into surrogate mother.