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Ethics > Morals and Culture; Confucianism, Buddhism, and Asian Moral Characteristics > Flashcards

Morals and Culture; Confucianism, Buddhism, and Asian Moral Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

standards that may seriously injure/benefit human beings

A

Moral Standard

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2
Q

rules that are total unrelated on moral (lack of ethical sense/ consideration)

A

Non-moral standard

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3
Q

difficult situation where an individual is confronted to choose 2 or more alternative action to resolve the problem

A

Dilemma

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4
Q

the person making the decision experiences a conflict between moral rightness of the decision and quality of the result it produces

A

Moral Dilemma

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5
Q

ENUMERATION: 3 Types of Dilemma

A
  1. Personal Dilemma
  2. Organizational Dilemma
  3. Systematic Dilemma
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6
Q

individual has a choice to be made between 2 options neither of which resolves in ethical acceptable fashion

A

Personal Dilemma

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7
Q

can arise when a company values and principles are in conflict with the decision it needs to make

A

Organizational Dilemma

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8
Q

predicated on moral rule violations and refers to the conformity and compliance of each member to the expected “code of conduct” to be manifested in the agency/workplace

A

Systematic Dilemma

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9
Q

The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint

A

Freedom

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10
Q

capacity of individual to decide , assess, or think on his/her own independently without any interference

A

Free Will

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11
Q

action make by a human is not own totally and it may influence decision with factors

A

Determinism

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12
Q

influence of other people

A

External Factors

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13
Q

doubting ourself to a thing

A

Internal Factors

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14
Q

Who said that, freedom is the source of all value. it is the highest order of life.

A

Emmanuel Kant

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15
Q

according to who? he showed that human is free physically, yet bound to obey the law ‘‘like to do and the ought to do’’.

A

Saint Augustine

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16
Q

principle of freedom is a must

A

Gorbachev

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17
Q

individuals are expected to determine for themselves what it means to lead a good and virtues life

A

Moral Freedom

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18
Q

who explains that no ethics is likewise possible without human freedom.

A

Quito

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19
Q

who said that “morality was based on reason alone, and once we understood it, we would see that acting morally is the same as acting rationally.”

A

Emmanuel Kant

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20
Q

this enables us to think and reflect over actions that we intend to do and decide which of them to take

A

Reason

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21
Q

this is a principle of justice holding that decisions or judgement on something or someone should be objective not on the basis of bias or prejudice to favor someone irrationally.

A

Impartiality

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22
Q

someone who is capable of doing things rightly or wrongly.

A

Moral Agent

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23
Q

agent must have capacity or ability to conform to some of the external requirements of morality

A

Weakest Interpretation

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24
Q

capacity to rise above their feeling and passion for the sake of moral law

A

Strongest Interpretation/ The Kantian Version

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25
Q

ENUMERATION: Characteristics of Moral Agent

A
  1. Free will and inner life understanding to surroundings
  2. Capacity for remorse and concern for other people
  3. Concept of right or wrong and must be accountable for action
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26
Q

sets of beliefs, attitudes, values, norms and customs of a society or group of people, shared by them and transmitted from generation to generation within the society.

A

Culture

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27
Q

it can be modified but not totally

A

Culture

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28
Q

ENUMERATIONS: Types of Culture

A
  1. High Culture
  2. Cultural Diversity
  3. Subculture
  4. Popular Culture
  5. Multiculturalism
  6. Global Culture
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29
Q

Linked with elite, upper class society, those families and individual with an ascribed status position.

A

High Culture

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30
Q

concept relating to culturally embedded differences within society, it’s the fact that different cultures exist alongside each other.

A

Cultural Diversity

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31
Q

culture enjoyed by a small group within the society. they have distinct norms and values which make them sub-section of society.

A

Subculture

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32
Q

it borrows the idea from high culture and popularizes it. making it available for the masses.

A

Popular Culture

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33
Q

different ethnic groups living alongside each other

A

Multiculturalism

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34
Q

key feature of globalization, they emerge due to feauture of migration, trends in international travel and spread of the media, exposing people to the same dominant world companies.

A

Global Culture

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35
Q

ENUMERATION: Importance of culture

A
  • Culture affects perception
  • Culture influences behavior
  • Culture shapes personality
  • Culture shapes our value and belief system
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36
Q

What one believes to be the right things to do.

A

Moral behavior

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37
Q

prevailing standards of behavior that people have to follow and act and in accordance with one’s belief

A

Morals

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38
Q

morals/culture is subjective; there is no standard /universal moral principle to all individuals

A

Relativism

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39
Q

the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of the culture itself. This is understood as uniqueness of every culture from each other.

A

Cultural Relativism

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40
Q

morality is ______ dependent even morals

A

Cultural

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41
Q

the view that moral judgements are true or false only relative to some particular standpoint (for instance, that of a culture or a historical period) and that no standpoint is uniquely privileged over all others. It is the idea that there is no universal or absolute set of moral principles.

A

Moral Relativism

42
Q

Theory that hold that morality is relative to the norms of one’s culture. That is, whether an actions is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of the society in which it is practiced.

A

Ethical Relativism

43
Q

ENUMERATION: Moral relativism is…

A

Descriptive
meta-ethical
normative

44
Q

moral standard are culturally defined (morals dependent to culture)

A

Descriptive

45
Q

society make their moral choices based on their unique beliefs, customs, and practices

A

Meta-ethical

46
Q

idea that must societies accept each others differences in terms of moral values

A

Normative

47
Q

possesses a distinct moral/ethical behavior that makes us unique in our culture, dealing with socio-political cultural difficulties and challenges.

A

Asian Moral Character

48
Q

it is very diverse in terms of culture, religion, beliefs, life philosophy

A

Asian Character

49
Q

according to ____________ countries, asians are well knows to be academically inclined and intelligent

A

Western

50
Q

buddhism is originated in _____________

A

South Asia

51
Q

buddhism known to be founder and know to be first to achieve enlightenment (BUDDHA)

A

Siddhartha Gautama

52
Q

believe cycle of suffering and rebirth and enlightenment

A

Buddhism; Buddhist

53
Q

ENUMERATION: 4 Noble Truths in terms of Buddhism

A
  1. Dukkha
  2. Samudaya
  3. Nirodha
  4. Magga
54
Q

everyone is suffering in different way (life is suffering)

A

Dukkha

55
Q

all suffering comes from desire and humans to tend to keep things forever (origin of suffering)

A

Samudaya

56
Q

it is really possible to stop suffering and going to achieve enlightenment (cessation of suffering)

A

Nirodha

57
Q

about the middleway (path to the cessation of suffering)

A

Magga

58
Q

depends if it is good/bad whatever do in particular situation an it will come back

A

Karma

59
Q

not a religion yet philosophy in ancient China

A

Confucianism

60
Q

believe with the golden rule “Don’t do unto others what would you not want to do others unto you”

A

Confucianism

61
Q

founder philosopher/teacher of Confucianism

A

Confucius

62
Q

ethical guide to life and living strong character/ good moral character

A

Confucianism

63
Q

made confucianism official state of ideology

A

Emperor Wu Di; Han Dynasty

64
Q

Key to Confucius thought/ Confucianism

A

Devotion to family

65
Q

basic sense of justice and fairness, concern for others and ability to emphathize with others.

A

Pakikipagkapwa tao

66
Q

Filipinos possess a genuine and deep love for family, source of personal identity, emotional and material support.

A

Strong Family Ties

67
Q

Filipinos have a cheerful and fun-loving approach to life, a sense of humor and propensity for happiness.

A

Joy and Humor

68
Q

we can adjust to circumstances and surrounding environment, both physical and social; adjust to whatever happens even in unplanned or anticipated events.

A

Flexibility, Adaptability, and Creativity

69
Q

we have the capacity for hard work given proper conditions; raise one’s standard of living and to possess the essentials of a decent life for one’s family.

A

Hard Work and Industry

70
Q

our innate
religiosity enables us to comprehend and genuinely accept reality in the context of God’s will and plan.

A

Faith and Religiosity

71
Q

we usually friendly and welcoming to our guest.

A

Hospitality

72
Q

spirit manifest our close relationship with our neighbor.

A

Bayanihan Spirit

73
Q

Filipinos are courteous
people. The children and young Filipinos will use “po” and “opo” to show respect to someone who is older or who has higher position than them.

A

Respectful

74
Q

there is a hero’s blood running on our veins. We have the most fearless heroes who only think of defending our homeland.

A

Bravery

75
Q

the Philippines is a country of smiles.

A

Sense of Humor

76
Q

many of our problems, both personal and social, there politicians don’t have a delicadeza but is lack of analysis or reflection. our people, especially the Filipinas, still

A

Discretion and Dignity

77
Q

aside from being hospitable, Filipinos are also thankful. We don’t forget anyone who helped us.

A

Gratefulness

78
Q

perhaps “palabra de honor” is not evident among our politicians, but it’s still evident among the common Filipinos. When we make promise, we try our best to fulfill that promise even if it will undermine ourselves

A

Honesty and Commitment

79
Q

even if Philippines is not a big and rich country, we still grant aids to other countries in need.

A

Helpfulness

80
Q

Filipinos are willing to make big sacrifices just to make sure that their loved ones will have a good life.

A

Family-Oriented

81
Q

Filipinos are persistent enough to get back on their feet. We can also adapt to any type of environment and mingle with any kind of people all over the world.

A

Resilience

82
Q

Some of our smartest countrymen can come up with brilliant idea despite poverty and lack of financial resources. We are also good in recycling trash and turn them into ingenious products.

A

Resourcefulness and Creativity

83
Q

the Filipinos are one of the most faithful people in the world. Our faithfulness keep us kind, positive, peaceful and determined to achieve our goals no more

A

Faithfulness

84
Q

we shop wisely to save our money for future important uses. We are conscious on the price tag, discounts and quality of the products we buy to get the most out of our money

A

Thriftiness

85
Q

no separation between objective task and emotional involvement.

A

Extreme Personalism

86
Q

results to a lack of concern for the common good and acts as a block to national consciousness.

A

Extreme Family Centeredness

87
Q

Our _________ results in efficient and wasteful work systems violation of rules leading to a more serious transgression.

A

Lack of Discipline

88
Q

Filipinos have a selfish, self-serving attitude that generates a feeling of envy and competitiveness towards others, particularly one’s peer who seem to have gained some status or prestige.

A

Kanya-kanya Syndrome

89
Q

There is a tendency in the Filipino to be a superficial and even somewhat flighty. In the face of serious

A

Lack of Self-Analysis and Reflection

90
Q

an attitude of “what goes around, comes around” or “come what may”. We have the tendency to surrender our future to fate.

A

Fatalism

91
Q

his is prevalent in politics where people tend to push each other down to clear the way for their own gain. Simply put, this refers to the behavior of preventing someone from achieving something to jealousy or envy

A

Crab Mentality

92
Q

one reason why we sometimes exert half-hearted effort in our undertakings is due to this attitude.

A

Ningas-kugon

93
Q

Translated to “burning cogon grass” in English, this idiom is meant to illustrate how Filipinos initially exhibit great enthusiasm at the beginning of a project

A

Ningas-kugon

94
Q

related to mañana habit, ________ refers to the Filipinos’ own unique brand of time, which is known to be minutes or hours behind the standard time.

A

Filipino Time

95
Q

one of the biggest flaws define as a preference for all things foreign over our own.

A

Colonial Mentality

96
Q

Filipinos are known law abiding individuals but with stronger inclination to disregard these laws. Ironically, Filipinos abroad follows rules and laws because they know they cannot get away with not following them.

A

General Disregard for Rules

97
Q

another habit which keeps the development of our country slow. Instead of working on a task while there is much time, we wait for the deadline because we feel lazy to start on them, or we want to use the time in other things.

A

Procrastination or Mañana Habit

98
Q

embedded deep within our system and reinforced by a complex web of economic and social factors which include personal ambitions

A

Corruption

99
Q

Filipinos are fond of talking about others’ business. It is not true that only women are into gossiping even men.

A

Gossiping

100
Q

Filipinos’ lack of initiative for change is also one reason why our country does not progress. We keep on complaining against the government and other societal issues. However, we do not do anything about them.

A

Passivity (Lack of Leadership)

Ethics (2 decks)

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