Moral development Flashcards
Explain moral development.
- moral development
2. moral judgement
Explain Kohlberg’s moral development.
- pre-morality stage.
- pre-conventional level: external authority and balance-model.
- conventional level: peer-group and reference group.
- post-conventional level: agreed morality and internal morality.
What factors play a role in morality?
Sex, age, personality, intelligence, psychopathic traits, and institutionalization.
Explain the moral disengagement model.
According to the moral disengagement model, moral disengagement is divided into 4 dimensions of moral disengagement: reconstructing immoral behaviour, obscuring personal responsibility, misinterpreting injurious consequences, and blaming of victims.
What are the eight disengagement mechanisms.
- moral justification
- euphemistic labelling
- advantageous comparing
- displacement of responsibility
- diffusion of responsibility
- distortion of consequences
- dehumanization
- attribution of blame
What factors are named in the model of Bandura?
moral disengagement, prosocial behaviour, harmful behaviour, aggression proneness, and guilt and restitution.
How do you assess moral cognitions?
- moral disengagement questionnaire.
- moral dilemmas: vignettes
- How I Think questionnaire.
What is the role of moral cognitions in clinical practice?
- excuse making
- relationship with recidivism
- what do excuses tell us?
- to what extent are excuses related to criminal behaviour?
- are excuses inherently good or bad?
Explain the neutralization theory.
In order to commit a criminal offence, you need to neutralize the behaviour to yourself. This means you have to apply a cognitive distortion before you can commit an offence.
Keep in mind you can also apply a cognitive distortion after an offence, to make it easier to re-offend.
