Moral Development Flashcards
Guilt
- experiences at very young ages (2yo)
- how much is shown depends on individual (similarly w/ discipline)
Shame
Individualistic Culture = shame should be avoided
Collectivistic Culture = shame helps people live in harmony
- children begin to shame each other by 4
socialization of shame
3 main circumstances
- unruliness threatening public calm
- taking someone’s belongings
- sloppiness/unhygienic behavior
Empathy
self-conscious emotions; requires use to appreciate that our goals, feelings, and experiences are different from the people around use
Affective Empathy
when someone else’s emotions triggers a similar response in you
Cognitive Empathy
when we understand the reason behind a person’s feelings
- mentally appreciate how they feel
Innate Factor – Mirror Neurons
facilitate our learning by enabling us to imitate and understand the actions and behavior of those we observe
Egocentric Comfort
when a child (18-24mo) tries to comfort a person with things that would help themselves instead of the other person
Factors to Boost Kid’s Empathy
- parental synchrony
- mutual imitation
- “motherese”
- perspective-taking and model emotion labeling
Moral Reasoning in Trad Cultures
- helping mom
- competing w/ other kids
- reward is more chores (sign of respect and value)
Western Homes Moral Reasoning
structure and praise for helping early in life
Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
Stage 1: Pre-Conventional (0-9)
- no internalized code of ethics
- makes decisions based on
reward or punishment
Stage 2: Conventional
- acceptance of the norms of social groups
- be good to seek approval of others – be good to uphold laws of society
Stage 3: Post-Conventional
- understanding of universal ethical principles
- make decisions based on your own moral code
Reactive Moral decision-making
- Moral Dilemma
- visceral emotional reaction
- retrofit moral reasoning
- judgment
