Gender Development

Question 1

sex

Answer 1

the biological status of being female or male

Question 2

gender

Answer 2

social/cultural beliefs, influences, and perceptions of female and male

Question 3

Infancy Development

Answer 3

1yo = perceive differences btwn male and female
2yo = toddlers associate females and male w/ gender-type activities and objects
3yo = toddler attains a gender identity
3-4yo = children associate variety of things w/ either female or males (toys, games, clothes, color, jobs, etc.)

Question 4

Middle Childhood Development

Answer 4

2-3yo = gender segregation in play groups
4-6yo = boys have large networked group while girls have smaller (more connection) groups

Question 5

Gender Intensification Hypothesis

Answer 5

psychological and behavioral differences btwn females and males that become more pronounced from childhood to adolescence
- proposed by Hill and Lynch (socialization is a stronger pressure than biology of puberty)

Question 6

Female and Male Physiology on Gender Roles

Answer 6

females - childbearing; spend their late teens, 20s, 30s pregnant or nursing; motherhood limits travel and time

males - greater physiological size, speed, strength

Question 7

Gender Role over last half-century

Answer 7

• technology revolution
• sexual revolution
• women’s movement
• movement toward egalitarian expectations

Question 8

Females in Traditional Cultures

Answer 8

• early work responsibilities
• limited education
• close relationships w/ monitoring female adults
• communal constraints on sexual behaviors
• preparation for marriage and gender-specific adult work

Question 9

Males in Traditional Cultures

Answer 9

3 Ps:
- provide
- protect
- procreate

Question 10

Qualification of Differences between Males and Females

Answer 10

1. specifics
2. age
3. culture
4. historical changes
5. publication bias