Moral Dev Flashcards
primary prevention
a program targeting individuals in a particular setting (school) to prevent the occurrence of a problematic behavior
secondary prevention
Program helps individuals at risk for developing a problem with the goal of preventing the problem or condition
tertiary intervention
Program designed to help individuals who already exhibit a problem or condition
antisocial behavior
Disruptive, hostile, or aggressive behavior that violates social norms or rules and harms/takes advantage of others
Aggression
subcategory of antisocial behavior that involves acts intended to physically or emotionally harm others
Development of Aggression
instance of aggression over possessing objects occur between infants before 12mos, but most DON’T involve bodily contact such as hitting
- beginning around 18mos, phys aggression such as hitting and pushing is normative and increases in frequency until 2 or 3 yrs
- as verbal skills increase, phys aggression decreases but verbal aggression increases
Instrumental aggression
aggression motivated by a desire to obtain a concrete goal
- EX: conflict over possessions (gaining possession of a toy)
Relational aggression
intended to harm others by damaging their peer relationships
- EX: excluding others from play
- linked to TOM skills, particularly for children with low levels of prosocial skills
Causes of aggression
- genetics
- socialization of family
- influence of peers
- cultural
oppositional defiant disorder
disorder characterized by age-inappropriate and persistent displays of angry, defiant, and irritable behaviors
conduct disorder
disorder that involves severe antisocial and aggressive behaviors that inflict pain on others or involve destruction of property or denial of the rights of others
Aggression + Termperament
a difficult temperament and lack of self-regulatory skills from an early age linked to aggression and antisocial behavior
Social Cognition + Aggression
aggressive behavior is often a reaction to how children interpret social situations
- more likely to attribute other’s efforts as hostile (hostile attributional bias)
reactive aggression
children prone to emotionally driven, hostile aggression sparked by one’s perception that other ppl’s motives are hostile
proactive aggression
unemotional aggression aimed at fulfilling a need or desire
- tend to anticipate more positive social consequences for aggression
EX: ppl bulling someone to get lunch money
Parenting + Aggression
-children who experience harsh or low-quality parenting are at greater risk of aggressive or antisocial behavior
- There’s a reciprocal relationship between children’s behaviors and parent’s discipline: children who are high in antisocial behavior or low in self-reg tend to elicit harsher parenting. Harsher parenting IN TURN causes more problematic behavior from the child, leading to a cycle
Parental conflict
Children frequently exposed to verbal and physical violence between their parents tend to be more antisocial and aggressive
Piaget’s Theor of Moral Judgement
Children’s moral reasoning changes from a rigid acceptance of the dictates and rules of authority to an appreciation that moral rules are a product of social interaction and, thus, modifiable
Heteronomous morality
First stage of Piaget’s theory where children haven’t achieved their stage of concrete operations (children younger than 7 in the preoperational stage)
- Justice is whatever authorities say is right
EX: they’d say the kid who broke 15 cups accidentally was naughtier
Autonomous morality
- At around 11-12, kids enter this stage
- they no longer accept blind obedience to authority on the basis of moral decisions
- understand rules are a product of social agreement and can be changed if the majority of the group agrees
Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning
- argued that the development of moral reasoning proceeds through a specific series of stages that are discontinuous and hierarchical (each stage reflects a qualitatively different, more advanced way of thinking than the one before)
preconventional moral reasoning
- self centered
- focus on rewards and avoiding punishment
Conventional moral reasoning
- centered on social relationships
- focus on compliance with social duties and laws
postconventional moral reasoning
- centered on ideals
- focus on moral principles
