Moore's DSA vocabulary

Question 1

thoracotomy

Answer 1

surgical creation of an opening through the thoracic wall to enter a pleural cavity

Question 2

anterior thoracotomy

Answer 2

may involve making H-shaped cuts through the perichondrium of one or more costal cartilages…

Question 3

median sternotomy

Answer 3

the sternum is divided in the median plane and retracted to gain access to the thoracic cavity for surgical operations.

Question 4

separation of ribs

Answer 4

dislocation of the costochondral junction between the rib and its costal cartilage

Question 5

dislocation of ribs

Answer 5

displacement of a costal cartilage from the sternum

Question 6

paralysis of diaphragm

Answer 6

1/2 of the diaphragm- injury to its motor supply from the phrenic nerve– does not affect the other half because each dome has a separate nerve supply.

Question 7

dyspnea

Answer 7

difficulty breathing

Question 8

intercostal nerve block

Answer 8

infiltration of anesthetic around the intercostal nerve trunk and its collateral branches. Because any particular area of skin usually receives innervation from two adjacent nerves, considerable overlapping of contiguous dermatomes occurs– therefore, complete loss of sensation usually does not occur unless two or more intercostal nerves are anesthetized.

Question 9

gynecomastia

Answer 9

development of breast tissue in males

Question 10

pneumothorax

Answer 10

entry of air into the pleural cavity

Question 11

hydrothorax

Answer 11

accumulation of a significant amount of flluid in the pleural cavity

Question 12

pleural effusion

Answer 12

escape of fluid into the pleural cavity

Question 13

hemothorax

Answer 13

blood entering the pleural cavity

Question 14

hemopneumothorax

Answer 14

both air and fluid, if the fluid is blood, accumulate in the pleural cavity

Question 15

pleurectomy

Answer 15

excision fo a part of the pleura

Question 16

pleuritis

Answer 16

inflammation of pleura. makes the lung surfaces rough, resulting friction is detectable with a stethoscope.

Question 17

pneumonectomy

Answer 17

removal of a lung

Question 18

lobectomy

Answer 18

removal of a lobe

Question 19

segmentectomy

Answer 19

removal of a bronchopulmonary segment

Question 20

pulmonary infarct

Answer 20

area of necrotic lung tissue

Question 21

pleural adhesion

Answer 21

parietal and visceral layers of pleura adhere–> lymphatic vessels in the lung and visceral pleura may anastomose with parietal lymphatic vessels that drain into the axillary lymph nodes.

Question 22

bronchogenic carcinoma

Answer 22

lung cancer

Question 23

lung cancer and mediastinal nerves

Answer 23

lung cancer involving a phrenic nerve may result in paralysis of one half of hte diaphragm (hemidiaphragm).

recurrent laryngeal nerve- intimate with the apex of the lung– may be involved in apical lung cancers. –> hoarseness owing to paralysis of a vocal fold.

Question 24

pleural pain

Answer 24

visceral pleura is insensitive to pain because it receives no nerves of general sensation. Parietal pleura is extremely sensitive to pain (richly supplied by intercostal and phrenic nerves).

Question 25

mitral valve insufficiency

Answer 25

incompetent valve with one or both leaflets enlarged, redundant or “floppy,” extending back into the left atrium during systole.

Question 26

pulmonary valve stenosis

Answer 26

the valve cusps are fused, forming a dome with a narrow central opening.

Question 27

pulmonary valve incompetence

Answer 27

free margins of the cusps thicken and become inflexible or are damaged by disease–> valve will not close completely. –> heart mumur

Question 28

aortic valve stenosis

Answer 28

rheumatic fever was a common cause. most frequent valv abnormality. majority is a result of degenerative calcification.

Question 29

aortic valve insufficiency

Answer 29

like mitral valve insufficiency, but puroducing a heart murmur and a collapsing pulse– forcible impulse that rapidly diminishes.