Autonomics

Question 1

divisions of ANS

Answer 1

sympathetic and parasympathetics

Question 2

Autonomic plexus

Answer 2

sympathetisc, parasympathetics, and probaby some visceral afferents as well

Question 3

GVE go to what?

Answer 3

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and gland cells

Question 4

ANS

Answer 4

is a visceral efferent system

Question 5

nerve

Answer 5

collection of wires

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS

Question 7

ganglion

Answer 7

collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

Question 8

path from CNS to effector organ

Answer 8

takes 2 neurons, a pre-ganglionic and a post-ganglionic

Question 9

parasympathetics

Answer 9

“rest and digest,” craniosacral system (conserve energy, replenish nutrient stores)

Question 10

sympathetics

Answer 10

“fight or flight,” thoracolumbar system (reaction to emergencies. ALL pre-ganglionic nerve cell bodies are in spinal cord between T1 and L2.

Question 11

sympathetic trunk

Answer 11

the location of some (not all) post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve cell bodies. Like a string of pearls.

Question 12

Preganglionic sympathetic nerve cell processes

Answer 12

Preganglionic nerve cell bodies arise from the intermedio-lateral column of the spinal cord
Their nerve cell processes pass out the ventral root and join the spinal nerve.
They leave the spinal nerve as a white ramus communicans and go to the sympathetic chain ganglion
At this point they have 4 options

1) synapse at the chain ganglion, return to the spinal nerve via a gray ramus communicans and distribute with the spinal nerve

2) go up or down the chain ganglion, synapse, then go back to the spinal nerve via a gray ramus communicans at that higher or lower level to be distributed with the spinal nerve
3) synapse (at their initial level) and go to the heart, lungs and other organs directly from the chain ganglion as a cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve. (nearly all other splanchnic nerves are PREganglionic)
4) Go through the chain ganglion WITHOUT synapsing as a splanchnic nerve and go to a ganglion near their effector organ (in a prevertebral ganglion)

Question 13

Greater Splanchnic nerve cord levels

Answer 13

T5-T9

Question 14

Lesser Splanchnic nerve cord levels

Answer 14

T10, T11

Question 15

Least Splanchnic nerve cord level

Answer 15

T12

Question 16

Parasympathetic nerves and segments

Answer 16

Preganglionic nerve cell bodies are in brainstem nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X and S2,3,4, spinal cord segments

Question 17

Parasympathetic Postganglionic nerve cell body location

Answer 17

wall of the effector organ (cardiac muscle smooth muscle or gland cells)

Question 18

CN X (vagus)

Answer 18

Preganglionic nerve cell processes travel with X to the chest and abdominal viscera (to the level of the left colon) The postganglionic nerve cell bodies are located in the wall of the effector organ (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and gland cell)

Question 19

heart referred pain

Answer 19

Because afferent pain nerves follow sympathetic nerves to the T1-T4/T5 spinal segments, pain from the heart is referred to dermatomes supplied by these segments especially on the left side. Thus, pain from the heart often is referred to the chest and medial surface of the brachial area.

Question 20

Cardiac Autonomic plexuses

Answer 20

1. Postganglionic sympathetic and preganglionic parasympathetic nerve cell processes to the muscles and nodal tissues of the heart.
2. Distribute via coronary arteries,
3. Superficial plexus (located in the concavity of aortic arch).
4. Deep plexus (located posterior to arch of aorta; anterior to tracheal bifurcation).

Question 21

Preganglionic sympathetic nerve bodies (cardiac)

Answer 21

Preganglionic nerve cell bodies located in T1-T4 segments of spinal cord
(intermediolateral cell column of gray matter); their processes enter sympathetic chain.

Question 22

Postganglionic sympathetic nerve cell bodies (cardiac)

Answer 22

Postganglionic nerve cell bodies located in upper thoracic and cervical sympathetic chain ganglia.

Question 23

Postganglionic nerve cell processes from the sympathetic ganglia (cardiac)

Answer 23

form cardiac branches which are called cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves. Note: these “splanchnic” nerves are POST ganglionic.

a. Superior cervical sympathetic cardiac nerve
b. Middle cervical sympathetic cardiac nerve
c. Inferior cervical sympathetic cardiac nerve
d. Thoracic (T1-4) sympathetic cardiac nerves

Question 24

Functions of cardiac sympathetic nerves

Answer 24

a. Increase heart rate.
b. Dilate coronary vessels to increase blood flow to the heart.
c. Visceral afferents (acute pain fibers) piggyback sympatheic nerves to upper thoracic spinal segments. (nerve cell bodies are located in dorsal root ganglia)

Question 25

Preganglionic neve cell bodies (parasympathetic nerves) (cardiac)

Answer 25

1. Preganglionic nerve cell bodies located in the brain stem and processes travel with the vagus nerve.
2. In the neck, the vagus gives off superior and inferior cervical cardiac parasympathetic branches and in the thorax, thoracic cardiac parasympathetic branches.

Question 26

Postganglionic nerve cell bodies (parasympathetics)

Answer 26

bodies are found within the wall of the heart (especially around the SA and AV node).

Question 27

parasympathetic nerve functions (re: cardiac)

Answer 27

a. Decrease heart rate
b. Constrict coronary vessels
c. Also may carry visceral afferents (stretch receptors; mainly in right atria)