moodle questions

Question 0

Ligand-gated ion channels exist for all of the following ions except: a. K+ b. Cl- c. Na+ d. Ca2+ e. H+

Answer 0

H+

Question 1

Which is not a part of a neuron? a. axoplasm b. axon hillock c. synaptic vesicles d. interneuron e. presynaptic terminal

Answer 1

interneuron

Question 2

In a myelinated axon, an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to another by a process called saltatory conduction. The root word of saltatory is saltare. What does saltare mean? a. to dive b. to float c. to leap d. to grab e. to squeeze

Answer 2

to leap

Question 3

The autonomic nervous system controls what activities: a. voluntary b. conscious c. quick d. slow e. unconscious

Answer 3

unconscious

Question 4

Sensory neurons conduct action potentials towards the: a. legs b. central nervous system c. peripheral nervous system d. arms e. heart

Answer 4

CNS

Question 5

The blood-brain barrier protects neurons from: a. insect bites b. radiation c. dust particles d. non-toxic substances e. toxic substances

Answer 5

toxins

Question 6

Why do humans depend on electrical signals?

Answer 6

all nervous system activity is based on electrical signals from autonomic controls like food digestion to activities like mathematics and running

Question 7

What is an action potential?

Answer 7

a change in electrical activity at the cellular membrane level that the body uses to communicate to other cells

Question 8

How does hyperpolarization occur?

Answer 8

hyperpolarization occurs when the resting membrane potential that usually is around -85 mV moves more negative, that is, further away from 0 and further away from threshold. A stronger than normal stimulus would be required to create an AP in a hyperpolarized membrane

Question 9

What are the two different types of summation and how does each occur?

Answer 9

spatial and temporal
spatial occurs when APs arrive simultaneously at 2 different presynaptic terminals that synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron (more than one AP at the same space)
temporal occurs when two or more APs arrive in quick succession at the same synapse

Question 10

Name and describe 3 functional neurons.

Answer 10

sensory: conduct AP toward CNS
motor: conduct AP away from CNS
interneuron: conduct AP within the CNS

Question 11

Which of the following is not a type of Neuroglia Cells? a. Ependymal Cells b. microglia cells c. satellite cells d. neurolemmocytes e. erythrocytes

Answer 11

erythrocytes are RBCs and not a type of neuroglia cell

Question 12

During depolarization, which of the following occurs last? a. voltage-gated Na+ channels close b. voltage gated K+ channels open c. ligand gated K+ channels open d. neurotransmitter is released e. voltage gated Na+ channels open

Answer 12

b

Question 13

Name two different types of channels and explain how they work.

Answer 13

ligand gated: NTC chemical binds to it to open it

v-gated: a change in the local voltage triggers opening

Question 14

What is one similarity and difference between Schwann cells and Oligodendrocytes?

Answer 14

both wrap around axons to insulate from neighbors and APs
oligodendrocyte in CNS only, single cell can cover multiple axons
neurolemmocyte (schwann cells) in PNS only, each cell forms myelin sheath on only a portion of one axon

Question 15

What has two processes: one dendrite and one axon? a. multipolar neurons b. bipolar neuron c. pseudo-unipolar neurons d. unipolar neurons e. quadra polar neurons.

Answer 15

bipolar neuron

Question 16

What are neuroglia that are star-shaped because cytoplasmic processes extend from the cell body? a. ependymal cells b. oligodendrocytes c. astrocytes d. dendrites e. Schwann cells.

Answer 16

astrocytes

Question 17

The peripheral nervous system does not include: a. spinal nerves b. efferent divisions c. afferent division d. cranial nerves e. it includes all of these things

Answer 17

e

Question 18

Dendrites: a. receive input b. provide output c. insulate the cell d. contain the nucleus e. are found only in the brain

Answer 18

receive input and increase the surface area

Question 19

What provides support and nutrients to the cell? a. satellite cell b. nodes of Ranvier c. axon
d. neurolemmocytes e. myelin sheath

Answer 19

a. satellite cell

Question 20

Action potential consists of: a. local potential b. depolarization c. repolarization d. afterpotential e. all of the above

Answer 20

e

Question 21

What is the function of the sodium potassium pump? a. Na+ inside, K+ outside b. Na+ inside, K+ inside c. Na+ outside, K+ inside d. Na+ outside, K+ outside e. Na+ outside, Na+ inside

Answer 21

c

Question 22

Astrocytes: a. regulate what substances reach the CNS from the blood b. regulate extracellular brain fluid composition c. produce chemicals that demote tight junctions d. both a and b e. none of the above

Answer 22

d, a & b

Question 23

graded potentials will result from

Answer 23

ligands binding to receptors
changes in charge across the membrane
mechanical stim
T changes
spontaneous change in permeability

Question 24

What are the structural classes of neurons?

Answer 24

multipolar (many dendrites and an axon)
bipolar (dendrite and axon)
pseudo unipolar (axon and no dendrites)

Question 25

What is white matter

Answer 25

bundles of parallel axons and their myelin sheaths (nerves in PNS, nerve tracts in CNS)

Question 26

what are CNS nerve tracts?

Answer 26

white matter, a bundle of axons and their sheaths

Question 27

what is gray matter?

Answer 27

groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites
very little myelin
in CNS called cortex or nuclei
in PNS, ganglion