Mood Disorders (Depression and Mania)

Question 1

The primary characteristics of mood disorders are?

Answer 1

Feelings of severe and sustained sadness and hope-
lessness and contrasting feelings of euphoria, both of which can alter thinking and behavior in detri-
mental ways.

Question 2

What determines the specific diagnosis under the umbrella of mood disorders?

Answer 2

Severity and sustained presence of depressive, manic, or combined symptoms

Question 3

Categories of mood disorders:
c. Bipolar disorders
i.

Answer 3

Depressive (including major depressive disorder), dysthymic, bipolar (I and II), cyclothymic

Question 4

Dysthymic disorder is characterized by

Answer 4

Major depressive symptoms that are less severe and present chronically for a period of at least 2 years

Question 5

Bipolar I disorder

Answer 5

One or more manic episodes or mixed episodes

Question 6

Bipolar II disorder

Answer 6

One or more major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic episode

Question 7

Cyclothymic disorder

Answer 7

Chronic (at least 2 years) mood disturbance with fluctuating hypomanic and depressive symptoms

Question 8

Mood disoder impact on occupational performance

Answer 8

a. Low self-esteem and motivation levels, compromising successful completion of daily tasks
b. Family and work roles affected by mood
c. Daily routines disrupted during manic episodes
d. High work loss rates

Question 9

Occupational therapy interventions for mood disorders

Answer 9

a. Cognitive–behavioral therapy to uncover distorted beliefs and faulty thinking patterns
b. Interpersonal psychotherapy to improve interpersonal and psychosocial functioning

Question 10

Pharmacological intervention for depressive disorders

b. Bipolar disorders

Answer 10

i. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine,
sertraline
ii. Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: duloxetine, venlafaxine
iii. Antidepressants: bupropion, mirtazapine

Question 11

Pharmacological intervention for bipolar disorders

Answer 11

i. Mood stabilizers: lithium carbonate

ii. Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, divalproex sodium, gabapentin