Mood disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Depression diagnosis

A

The DSM-5 outlines a list of symptoms of which five or more must be experienced in the same two-week period (including at least one of the first two listed) to make a diagnosis of depression:

* Persistent low mood
* Anhedonia
* Weight loss or gain
* Retardation of thought and action
* Fatigue
* Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
* Diminished ability to concentration
* Recurrent suicidal ideation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary features of unipolar depression?

A

Low mood, reduced energy, anhedonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Secondary features of unipolar depression?

A

Weight and appetite changes, reduced concentration, insomnia, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, reduced interest and motivation, low self esteem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bipolar affective disorder

A

Classically, periods of prolonged and profound depression alternate with periods of excessively elevated and/or irritable mood, known as mania.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Type 1 bipolar

A

Full-blown mania or mixed mania and depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type 2 bipolar

A

Recurrent depression and hypomania without episodes of either mania or mixed states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ICD 10 bipolar disorder diagnosis needs In

A

At least 2 mood episodes before bipolar diagnosis can be considered, with complete recovery in between the episodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DSM bipolar disorder diagnosis

A

Can be diagnosed even with single manic episode.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bipolar diagnosis durations for each depressive episode, mania and hypomania

A

Depressive episode must be present at least for 2 weeks; mania for 7 days (lesser if hospitalized) ; hypomania for 4 days and mixed episodes for 2 weeks before they can be diagnosed using ICD 10.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is bipolar different in elderly

A

Shorter periods of interepisodic remissions and more frequent episodes which are considerable longer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Natural course of mood episodes

A

Mania lasts for 4 months while depression for 6 months.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Type 2 bipolar primary feature

A

Elated/irritable mood & increased activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Type 2 bipolar secondary feature

A

Grandiosity, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Type 2 bipolar impairment

A

Change in functioning that is uncharacteristic of the person when not symptomatic. Observable by others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Type 2 bipolar durational criterion

A

> 4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Type 1 bipolar durational criterion

17
Q

Type 1 bipolar impairment

A

Impairment in functioning

18
Q

Type 1 bipolar secondary feature

A

Grandiosity, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, etc

19
Q

Type 1 bipolar primary feature

A

Elated/irritable mood & increased activity

20
Q

Mania

A

A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, with 3 (or more) characteristic symptoms of mania.

21
Q

Features of mania

A

Elevated mood (usually out of keeping with circumstances)

Increased energy, which may manifest as Over activity, reduced need for sleep, racing thoughts Pressured speech and flight of ideas

Increased self-esteem- Grandiosity, Overoptimistic ideation, over familiarity, Reduced social inhibition

Reduced attention/increased distractibility

Tendency to engage in behaviour that could have serious consequences like overspending, preoccupation with extravagant schemes

22
Q

Psychotic symptoms accompany

23
Q

Psychotic symptoms

A

Delusions and hallucinations

24
Q

Hypomania/hypo manic episode

A

By definition, not severe enough to interfere with social or occupational functioning, require admission to hospital, or include psychotic features.

25
Symptoms of hypomania
Hypomania shares symptoms with mania, but these are evident to a lesser degree. It includes mildly elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, increased energy and activity, increased self-esteem, talkativeness, over familiarity, reduced need for sleep and difficulty in focusing on one task alone.
26
Mixed states
Manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously. The occurrence of both manic/hypo manic and depressive symptoms in a single episode, present every day for at least 1 week (DSMIV) or 2 weeks (ICD-10) Can rapidly swing between the 2 or symptoms of each can be present at the same time
27
Rapid cycling
When at least four episodes of bipolar disorder occur within a period of one year, the condition is described as ‘rapid cycling’
28
Factors associated with the rapid cycling include
The use of tricyclic anti-depressant, low thyroxin level, being a female patient, Bi Polar 2 pattern of illness and the presence of neurological disease.
29
Postpartum onset refers to
Onset of mania, hypomania or depression with 4 weeks of childbirth.
30
How many will attempt suicide (bipolar)?
50%