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Psychology > Anxiety > Flashcards

Anxiety Flashcards

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1
Q

Panic disorder

A

Repeated unexpected attacks of anxiety

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2
Q

Phobias (Specific & Social)

A

Marked fear and avoidance of a situation or object

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3
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Distressing thoughts or images with “putting right” actions

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4
Q

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

A

Unwanted, distressing memories of traumatic event

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5
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Excessive worry about several different things

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6
Q

How common are anxiety disorders?

A

10%-18% prevalence in 12 month period

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7
Q

What proportion of anxiety disorders warrant treatment?

A

2/3

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8
Q

Gender in anxiety?

A

Higher in women

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9
Q

Anxiety is often comorbid with?

A

Depression and substance abuse

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10
Q

Is anxiety heritable?

A

Yes, runs in families but obviously multifactorial aetiology

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11
Q

What is the anxiety disorder persistence?

A

33% to 70% recovery over 12 years depending on disorder type

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12
Q

Cost to society of anxiety disorders?

A

Around 7% of GDP

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13
Q

Is paranoid thought disorder a type of anxiety?

A

No

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14
Q

Medications for ADs?

A

Benzodiazepines (only for short-term distress, dependency problem so not used chronically)

Anti-depressants (especially SSRIs and SNRIs)

SSRIs/SNRIs: only often work in the short term, many people relapse.

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15
Q

Psychological treatment for AD?

A

CBT and cognitive therapy

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16
Q

How many sessions comprise CBT?

A

Brief 8-16 sessions

17
Q

What is CBT based on?

A

Cognitive model of emotional disorders

18
Q

What are the aims of CBT?

A

Aims to change problematic beliefs and related behaviours (rather than original causes).

Widen the gap between thought and behavior/ response

Prevents mental escalation, event don’t inevitably lead to emotion, therefore interpretation is key and can be modified.

19
Q

Panic disorder is often accompanied by…

A

Marked bodily sensations

20
Q

What is the cognitive theory of panic disorder?

A

Cognitive Theory of Panic Disorder (Clark, 1986): Persistent panic attacks result from catastrophic misinterpretation of benign body sensations

Misinterpretation involves believing the sensations indicate an immediate physical or mental disaster

21
Q

What sensations are misinterpreted in panic disorder

A

Sensations that are misinterpreted are mainly those involved in normal anxiety responses

22
Q

What leads to maintenance of panic disorder?

A

Selective attention to bodily cues and safety behaviours (i.e stopping and calming down, individual believes that the worst only doesn’t happen when they do the safety behaviour).

23
Q

Cognitive therapy for panic disorder

A

Identify catastrophic interpretations of bodily sensation

Generate alternative, non-catastrophic interpretations of bodily sensations

Test out validity of catastrophic and non-catastrophic interpretations by discussion & behavioural experiments

24
Q

Behavioural experiments for panic disorder?

A

Induce feared sensations to show their true cause

Reading word pairs (breathless-suffocate etc.)

Focus attention on body

Drop safety behaviours in presence of feared sensation to discover they are not dangerous

25
Q

What is social anxiety?

A

Marked fear & avoidance of social or performance situations (meeting strangers, talking to a group, eating or drinking while being observed, using public toilets, public speaking, etc.)

26
Q

Why does social anxiety persist?

A

Shift to internal focus of attention

Use of internal information to infer how one appears to others (create distorted images and feelings)

Safety behaviours (shutting down and not speaking)

27
Q

What happens in CBT for social anxiety?

A

Experiential exercise to demonstrate adverse effects of self-focused attention and safety behaviours

Video (and still) feedback to correct negative self-images

Attention training to promote external focus

Behavioural experiments to test patients’ fearful predictions in social situations while dropping safety behaviours and/or enacting feared outcomes.

Surveys to discover other people’s view of feared outcomes.

Memory re-scripting to reduce social trauma

28
Q

What treatment is NOT used in CBT for social anxiety?

A

Training in self focussed attention

29
Q

Which describes the effect of a routine psychological debriefing given immediately after a traumatic event ?

A

Retards natural recovery

30
Q

Phobias are

A

Resistant to drug treatment

31
Q

Are phobias reduced by informing patient of their phobia?

A

No

32
Q

What are treatments for anxiety?

A

Antidepressants
Benzodiazepines
CBT
Exposure therapy

Psychology (9 decks)

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