Mood Disorders

Question 1

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 1

Must last at least 2 weeks
At least Five or more symptoms have been present in the same 2 week period

1. Depressed mood most of the day
2. Markedly diminished in interest of pleasure in all, or almost all activities most of the day
3. Significant weight loss
4. Insomnia or hypersomnia everyday
5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation
6. Fatigue or loss of energy
7. Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate
9. Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal tendencies with or without a plan

Must cause clinically significant distress or impairment

Question 2

Bipolar I Disorder

Answer 2

Patients with one life time Manic episode and also patients with both Manic and Depressive episodes.

Patients do not need to have diagnosis of MDD for Bipolar I

Question 3

Bipolar II Disorder

Answer 3

Patients with Hypomanic episodes and Major Depressive episode - but never a Manic episode.

Question 4

Mania

Answer 4

A period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood lasting for at least one week or less if a patient must be hospitalised.

Associated with
Inflated self-esteem
Grandiosity 
Decrease need for sleep
Distractability
Great physical and mental activity and over-involvement in pleasurable behavior

Question 5

Hypomania

Answer 5

Hypomanic episode lasts at least 4 days and is similar to a manic episode except it does not sufficiently severe to cause impairment in social or occupational functioning

Question 6

Dysthymia

Answer 6

Characterised by at least 2 years of depressed mood that is not sufficiently severe to fit the diagnosis of MDD.

Question 7

Cyclothymia

Answer 7

A mild form of Bipolar II disorder.

Characterised by at least 2 years of frequently occuring hypomanic symptoms that cannot fit the diagnosis of Manic episode and of depressive symptoms that cannot fit the diagnosis of MDD.

Question 8

Prevalence of Major depressive disorder

Answer 8

5-17% - Has the highest lifetime prevalence of any psychiatric disorder

Question 9

Prevalence of Bipolar illness

Answer 9

Less than 1 percent

Question 10

Mood Disorders (with Psychotic features)

Answer 10

Significant treatment implications, eg., antipsychotic drugs along with antidepressants.

Distinguished at mood congruent, or mood incongruent.

Mood congruent: in harmony with the disorder, eg, I deserve to be punished because i am so bad)

Mood incongruent: not in harmony with the mood disorder. - may have schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Question 11

Mood disorder with Melancholic Features

Answer 11

Used to describe the dark mood of depression
Severe Anhedonia, early morning wake ups, weight loss, and profound feelings of guilt.

Associated with changes in the autonomic nervous system and in endocrine functions.

Can be applied to MDD, Bipolar I and II Disorder.

Question 12

Mood Disorders with Atypical features

Answer 12

Patients with atypical depression symptoms include: overeating and oversleeping.

Sometimes referred to as, “reversed vegetative symptoms” and the pattern sometimes called “hysteroid dysphoria”

Typically have a younger age of onset compared to depression with typical features,

Question 13

Mood-congruent psychotic symptoms

Answer 13

In harmony with the mood disorder
eg “ I deserve to be punished because i am so bad”

typically those with mood-congruent psychoses have a psychotic type of mood disorder

Question 14

Mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms

Answer 14

Not in harmony with the disorder

Delusions or hallucinations whose content does not involve typical depressive themes of personal inadequacy, guilt, disease, death, nihilism, or deserved punishment.

Typically have schizoaffective or schizophrenia