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Sophomore 2 Test 1 > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Mood

A

The prominent, sustained, overall emotions that a person expresses and exhibits; inhibits one’s perception of the world and how one functions

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2
Q

Blunted

A

Significantly reduced intensity of emotional expression

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3
Q

Flat

A

Absent or nearly absent affective expression

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4
Q

Inappropriate

A

Discount affective expression accompanying the content of speech or ideation

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5
Q

Labile

A

Varied, rapid, and abrupt shifts in affective expression

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6
Q

How long before a “depressed” patient can be diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder?

A

Two weeks

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7
Q

How long before a “depressed” patient can be diagnosed with Dysthymia disorder/Persistent Depressive Disorder?

A

Two years

- Doesn’t usually affect ADLs

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8
Q

Depression typically develops in response to:

A
  1. Loss
  2. Disappointment
  3. Failure
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9
Q

Depressive Moods are marked by what kind of feelings?

A
  1. Helplessness
  2. Hopelessness
  3. Worthlessness
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10
Q

Risk Factors for Depression

A
  1. Lack of coping abilities
  2. Presence of life and environmental stressors
  3. Current substance use or abuse
  4. Medical comorbidity
  5. Prior episode of depression
  6. Family history of depression
  7. Lack of social support
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11
Q

Neurotransmitters that make you “happy”

A
  1. Serotonin
  2. Norepinephrine
  3. Dopamine
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12
Q

Five Cardinal Signs of Depression

A
  1. Sleep disturbances
  2. Appetite changes
  3. Poor concentration
  4. Decreased energy
  5. Excessive guilt or worthlessness
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13
Q

Nursing Interventions for Depressive Disorders

A
  1. Assess for suicidal ideation
  2. Establish trust/rapport
  3. Encourage expression of feelings
  4. Provide non-threatening environment
  5. Provide activities client able to complete
  6. Promote adequate rest/nutrition
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14
Q

Characteristics of Dysthymic Depression

A
  1. Mild-moderate depression
  2. Maladaptive use of defense mechanisms
  3. S/Sx most days for at least 2 years
  4. NO mania
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15
Q

SSRI Drugs

A
  1. Citalopram
  2. Escitalopram
  3. Fluoxetine
  4. Paroxetine
  5. Sertraline
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16
Q

SNRIs

A
  1. Venlafaxine
  2. Duloxetine
  3. Bupropion
17
Q

Acute Phase of Psychiatric Medication Use

A

The primary goal of therapy for the acute phase is symptom reduction or remission. The objective is to choose the right match of medication and dosage for the patient. Careful monitoring and follow-ups are essential during this phase to assess patient response to medications, adjust the dose if necessary, identify and address side effects, and provide patient support and education

18
Q

Continuation Phase of Psychiatric Medication Use

A

The goal of this treatment phase is to decrease the risk for relapse (a return of the current episode of depression). If a patient experiences a response to an adequate trial of medication, use of the medication generally is continued a the same dosage for at least 4-9 months after the patient returns to a clinically well state.

19
Q

Maintenance Phase of Psychiatric Medication Use

A

For patients who are at high risk for recurrence, the optimal duration of maintenance treatment is unknown but is measured in years, and full-dose therapy is required for effective prophylaxis

20
Q

Discontinuation Phase of Psychiatric Medication Use

A

The decision to discontinue active treatment should be based on the same factors considered in the decision to initiate maintenance treatment. These factors include the frequency and severity of past episodes, the persistence of dysthymic symptoms after recovery, the presence of comorbid disorders, and patient preference. Many patients continue taking medications for their lifetime

21
Q

Tricyclic Drugs

A
  1. Amitriptyline
22
Q

MAOI’s

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

1. Phenelzine

23
Q

S/Sx of Mania

A
  1. Elation (grandiose)
  2. Hyperactivity
  3. Agitation
  4. Accelerated thinking/speaking
  5. Abnormal and persistent
  6. Elevated mood (euphoria/elation)
  7. Expansive mood (lack of restraints in expression)
  8. Overvalued self-importance
  9. Irritable; demanding; destructive
  10. Use of sarcasm, profanity
  11. Excessive spending
  12. Increased libido; risk taker/poor judgement
24
Q

Hypomania

A
  • Mild form of mania

- Excessive hyperactivity, but not severe enough to cause impairment in functioning or require hospitalization

25
Q

Rapid Cycling

A
  • Extreme form of mood lability (bipolar I and II)
  • Continuous cycling between mania and depression and hypomania and depression
  • Essential feature of Bipolar: four or more mood episodes that meet criteria for manic, mixed hypomanic, or depressive episode during the previous 12 months
26
Q

Bipolar I

A

Manic episode or mixed and depressive episode

27
Q

Bipolar II

A

Major depression and hypomania

28
Q

Cyclothymia

A

Hypomania and depressive episodes not meeting full criteria for major depressive episode
- Lasting at least 2 years

29
Q

Nursing Interventions for Mania

A
  1. Provide safety
    • assess suicidal/homicidal ideations
  2. Promote sleep/nutrition
  3. Decrease stimuli
  4. Accept client (provide social support)
  5. Utilize energy
  6. Antipsychotics
  7. Encourage effective expression of feelings
  8. Reinforce reality (DON’T focus/challenge delusions)
  9. Identify manipulative behaviors
30
Q

Therapies for Manic Disorders

A
  1. Individual : support until able to effectively participate
  2. Group: focus on self-esteem, reality, and relationships
  3. ECT: usually for major depression
  4. Family therapy
  5. Cognitive therapy
31
Q

Side Effects of ECT

A
  • Memory loss

- Confusion

32
Q

Who can not have ECT?

A
  1. Increased ICP
  2. Recent MI
  3. CVA
  4. Retinal detachment
  5. Pheochromocytoma
  6. Those at risk for complications of anesthesia
33
Q

Antimanic Drug

A

Lithium carbonate

34
Q

Lithium levels

A
  1. 0 - 1.5 for acute mania

0. 6 - 1.2 for maintenance

35
Q

Antiepileptics

A
  1. Carbamazepine
  2. Valproic acid
  3. Divalproex sodium
  4. Lamotrigine
36
Q

Anoxiolytics

A
  1. Clonazepam
37
Q

Antipsychotics

A
  1. Olanzapine
  2. Haloperidol
  3. Risperidone
38
Q

Lithium

A
  • Needs to be combined with antipsychotics and benzodiazepines
  • If you take lithium, you will need regular blood tests and monitoring of your kidney and thyroid function for drug toxicity levels

Sophomore 2 Test 1 (6 decks)

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