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Psychology > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

The DSM IV distinguishes between two main categories of mood disorder. What are these two categories?

A

UNIPOLAR depression

BIPOLAR depression

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2
Q

What is unipolar depression?

A

When a persons mood changes from NORMAL to DEPRESSED and can range from MILD to SEVERE (a neurosis)

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3
Q

Who is affected by unipolar depression?

A

Around 5% of pop

More prevalent in WOMEN - Britain around 7-8% of women suffer compared to 3-4% of MEN

Rates are SIMILAR in most WESTERN COUNTRIES such as the UK, USA and Canada

Average age of onset 40-50

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4
Q

What are the 4 symptom domains of unipolar depression?

A

EMOTIONAL symptoms (feelings)

COGNITIVE symptoms (think)

BEHAVIOURAL symptoms (act/behave)

PHYSIOLOGICAL symptoms (body functioning)

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5
Q

What are the two main symptoms that fall into the emotional domain, which are needed for a diagnosis of unipolar depression?

A

Intense feelings of SADNESS

LOSS of INTEREST and PLEASURE in USUAL ACTIVITIES

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6
Q

Give one typical symptom of the cognitive domain, for unipolar depression

A

Low SELF-ESTEEM/ self critical

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7
Q

Give one symptom of the behavioural domain, for unipolar depression

A

WITHDRAWAL from social activities

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8
Q

Give two symptoms of the physiological domain, for unipolar depression

A

Sleep difficulties (INSOMNIA/HYPOSOMNIA)

LOSS of ENERGY or RESTLESSNESS

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9
Q

What is needed for a diagnosis of unipolar depression?

A

Symptoms 1 and/or 2

Plus AT LEAST 4 OTHER for at least TWO WEEKS

Where there is no obvious external cause

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10
Q

What are mood disorders categorised as?

A

Disabling disturbances in emotions

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11
Q

What is bipolar depression?

A

Characterised by PERIODS of DEPRESSION and MANIA

Diagnosis means symptoms have been SEVERE enough to cause SERIOUS SOCIAL/OCCUPATIONAL IMPAIRMENT or REQUIRED HOSPITALISATION

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12
Q

What is mania?

A

An EMOTIONAL STATE of INTENSE UNFOUNDED ELATION

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13
Q

Who does bipolar depression affect?

A

LESS FREQUENT than unipolar depression affecting around 1% of the pop

Average age of onset VARIES between 15 and 40, with the average age being 20

SIMILAR RATES between GENDERS, different SOCIAL CLASSES AND different ETHNICITIES

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14
Q

What is a similarity between the unipolar and bipolar depression?

A

Both the depressed phase of unipolar and bipolar depression are the same

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15
Q

The manic phase of bipolar depression is split into 4 domains. What are these domains?

A

Emotional

Cognitive

Behavioural

Physiological

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16
Q

What are the two main symptoms of the emotional domain that are needed for a diagnosis of bipolar depression?

A

Intense feelings of EUPHORIA (ELEVATED mood)

IRRITABILITY (at personal frustration or with others)

17
Q

Give examples of disrupted thought processes within the cognitive domain of bipolar depression

A

Delusions of GRANDURE

Delusions of PERSECUTION

HALLUCINATING

making RECKLESS/IRRATIONAL decisions

Inflated self esteem

18
Q

Give an example of a behavioural symptom of bipolar depression

A

Increase in pleasurable ACTIVITIES that have a HIGH RISK or PAINFUL CONSEQUENCES

19
Q

Give an example of a symptom form the physiological domain of bipolar depression

A

DECREASED need for SLEEP

INCREASED ENERGY levels

20
Q

What is needed for a diagnosis of bipolar depression?

A

Symptoms of BOTH DEPRESSION and MANIA

MANIC episode must involve symptoms 1 and/or 2

Lasting AT LEAST A WEEK, plus AT LEAST 3 ADDITIONAL symptoms

21
Q

Compared to schizophrenia, what is a strength of the diagnosis of mood disorders?

A

As there are ESSENTIAL SYMPTOMS REQUIRED for a diagnosis of depression, the classification is MORE PRECISE

As a result there is much LESS CHANCE of MISDIAGNOSIS leading to INCORRECT TREATMENT programmes

22
Q

What is one issue with the diagnosis of depression in older individuals?

A

Rates in older individuals (60+) are DIFFICULT to MEASURE as they are OFTEN COMPLICATED by MEDICAL DISORDERS and SOCIAL ISOLATION

23
Q

Give one issue with the diagnosis of depression due to the manic phase?

A

In the manic phase of bipolar, patients MAY be UNAWARE that there is ANYTHING WRONG, leading them to STOP taking their MEDICATION and causing further DETERIORATION

Psychology (9 decks)

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