Mood Disorders Flashcards
Define: major depression
a mood disorder involving disturbances in…
- behavior (loss of interest)
- emotion (excessive sadness)
- cognition (thoughts of hopelessness)
- bodily function (fatigue, loss of appetite)
Major depression lasts…
- at least 2 weeks
- episodes last up to 20 weeks, subside and later recur
Define: mania
-abnormally high state of euphoria
A manic person feels…
- excessively wired
- irritable when thwarted
- powerful and full of plans (based on delusions)
Define: bipolar disorder
-a mood disorder in which episodes of both depression and mania occur
Approaches that emphasize how individual vulnerabilities interact with external stresses to produce mental disorder is called…
-vulnerability stress model
What are contributing factors in the vulnerability stress model?
- genetic predispositions
- violence, childhood abuse, parental neglect
- losses of important relationships
- cognitive habits
Major depression is _______ heritable.
-moderately
One of the most powerful environmental factors associated with clinical depression is…
-repeated experience with violence
Depressed people tend to have high levels of the stress hormone ________, which can affect the ________ and _________, causing mood and memory abnormalities.
- cortisol
- hippocampus
- amygdala
Many depressed people have a history of…
- losses
- rejections
- separations
- impaired insecure attachments
Depressed people believe their situation is ______ and ________.
- permanent
- uncontrollable
Depressed people tend to _______, having trouble preventing gloomy thoughts from entering and remaining in their working memory.
-ruminate
Rumination not only predicts depression, but…
- impaired thinking and problem solving
- associated with alcoholism, drug abuse, anxiety and worry, and eating disorders
In the vulnerability-stress model of depression, _________ + __________ = severe depression
- upsetting events
- individual vulnerability
