Chapter Review Flashcards
Most agree that a mental disorder is…
any condition that…
- causes an individual to suffer
- is self-destructive
- impairs ability to get along with others
- endangers the community
The _______ is designed to provide criteria and categories for diagnosing mental disorders.
-DSM (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)
Problems with the DSM include…
- dangers of overdiagnosis
- power of diagnostic labels
- confusing serious mental disorders with normal problems
- illusion of objectivity
Advantages of the DSM include…
- improved reliability in diagnosis
- distinguishing between similar disorders
- identification of universal disorders, as well as culture-bound syndromes
_______ tests, such as _________, have low reliability and validity.
- projective
- rorschach inkblot test
______ tests, such as the MMPI, (______), have high reliability and validity.
- objective
- minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
________ involves prolonged grief, hopelessness, loss of energy, appetite, and interest in activities.
-major depression
Bipolar disorder involves…
-episodes of both depression and mania (excessive euphoria)
_________ models of depression look at interactions between _________ and _______.
- vulnerability-stress models
- individual vulnerability
- stressful experiences (upsetting events)
What 4 main factors contribute to major depression?
- genetic predispositions
- experiences with violence, abuse, neglect
- loss of important relationships
- cognitive habits
__________ involved continuous, chronic anxiety.
-generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Posttraumatic stress disorder involves…
- reliving of traumatic event
- intrusive thoughts
- sense of detachment
- increased physiological arousal
__________ involves sudden, intense attacks of profound fear.
-panic disorder
Phobias are…
-unrealistic, exaggerated fears of situations, activities, things
In agoraphobia, the fear involves…
-being away from a safe place
Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves…
-recurrent, unwanted thoughts or images (obsessions), and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (compulsions)
Personality disorders are characterized by…
-rigid, self-destructive (maladaptive) traits that cause distress or inability to get along with others.
______ is an inability to feel normal social and moral emotions.
-psychopathy
Antisocial personality disorder is…
people who repeatedly…
- break the law
- violent and impulsive
- disregard for safety of themselves and others
What factors are involved in the central features of psychopathy and of being a lifelong violent offender?
- CNS abnormalities
- impaired frontal lobe functioning
- genetic influences
- environmental events
Dissociative identity disorder, (also known as _____) involves…
- multiple personality disorder MPD
- two or more identities that split off within one person
_______ has contributed to the rise in MPD diagnoses.
-media coverage
The socio-cognitive explanation of MPD is…
-that it is simply and extreme form of an ability we all have to present different aspects of our personalities to others
Signs of substance abuse include…
- impaired ability to work or get along with others
- use of drug in hazardous situations
- conflicts with others caused by drug use
The biological model of addiction holds…
-addiction is caused by neurology (changes in the brain during heave drug use) and genetic predispositions
The learning model of addiction holds…
-most kinds of addiction stem from conditions that encourage or discourage drug abuse.
Evidence of the learning model includes…
- addiction patterns vary by culture
- abstinence policies cause abuse to increase
- many people stop taking drugs without withdrawal symptoms
- drug abuse depends on the reasons for taking the drug
Schizophrenia is a fragmented condition in which words are split from _____, actions are slit from _______, perceptions are split from ______. It is a form of _______, a mental condition that involves distortions of reality and inhibits one’s ability to function in everyday life.
- meaning
- motives
- reality
- psychosis
Symptoms of schizophrenia include..
- bizarre delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized, incoherent speech
- disorganized, inappropriate behavior
- impaired cognitive abilities
Schizophrenia involved abnormalities in the _____.
-brain
It involves a decrease in the volume of the _______ or _______, reduced numbers of neurons in the ______ cortex, and enlargement of _________.
- temporal lobe or hippocampus
- prefrontal cortex
- ventricles
Causes of schizophrenia include…
- genetic predispositions
- prenatal problems or birth complications
- adolescent abnormalities in brain development
