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Psych101: 11-Psychological Disorders > Chapter Review > Flashcards

Chapter Review Flashcards

1
Q

Most agree that a mental disorder is…

A

any condition that…

  • causes an individual to suffer
  • is self-destructive
  • impairs ability to get along with others
  • endangers the community
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2
Q

The _______ is designed to provide criteria and categories for diagnosing mental disorders.

A

-DSM (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)

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3
Q

Problems with the DSM include…

A
  • dangers of overdiagnosis
  • power of diagnostic labels
  • confusing serious mental disorders with normal problems
  • illusion of objectivity
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4
Q

Advantages of the DSM include…

A
  • improved reliability in diagnosis
  • distinguishing between similar disorders
  • identification of universal disorders, as well as culture-bound syndromes
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5
Q

_______ tests, such as _________, have low reliability and validity.

A
  • projective

- rorschach inkblot test

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6
Q

______ tests, such as the MMPI, (______), have high reliability and validity.

A
  • objective

- minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

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7
Q

________ involves prolonged grief, hopelessness, loss of energy, appetite, and interest in activities.

A

-major depression

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8
Q

Bipolar disorder involves…

A

-episodes of both depression and mania (excessive euphoria)

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9
Q

_________ models of depression look at interactions between _________ and _______.

A
  • vulnerability-stress models
  • individual vulnerability
  • stressful experiences (upsetting events)
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10
Q

What 4 main factors contribute to major depression?

A
  • genetic predispositions
  • experiences with violence, abuse, neglect
  • loss of important relationships
  • cognitive habits
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11
Q

__________ involved continuous, chronic anxiety.

A

-generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

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12
Q

Posttraumatic stress disorder involves…

A
  • reliving of traumatic event
  • intrusive thoughts
  • sense of detachment
  • increased physiological arousal
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13
Q

__________ involves sudden, intense attacks of profound fear.

A

-panic disorder

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14
Q

Phobias are…

A

-unrealistic, exaggerated fears of situations, activities, things

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15
Q

In agoraphobia, the fear involves…

A

-being away from a safe place

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16
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves…

A

-recurrent, unwanted thoughts or images (obsessions), and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (compulsions)

17
Q

Personality disorders are characterized by…

A

-rigid, self-destructive (maladaptive) traits that cause distress or inability to get along with others.

18
Q

______ is an inability to feel normal social and moral emotions.

A

-psychopathy

19
Q

Antisocial personality disorder is…

A

people who repeatedly…

  • break the law
  • violent and impulsive
  • disregard for safety of themselves and others
20
Q

What factors are involved in the central features of psychopathy and of being a lifelong violent offender?

A
  • CNS abnormalities
  • impaired frontal lobe functioning
  • genetic influences
  • environmental events
21
Q

Dissociative identity disorder, (also known as _____) involves…

A
  • multiple personality disorder MPD

- two or more identities that split off within one person

22
Q

_______ has contributed to the rise in MPD diagnoses.

A

-media coverage

23
Q

The socio-cognitive explanation of MPD is…

A

-that it is simply and extreme form of an ability we all have to present different aspects of our personalities to others

24
Q

Signs of substance abuse include…

A
  • impaired ability to work or get along with others
  • use of drug in hazardous situations
  • conflicts with others caused by drug use
25
Q

The biological model of addiction holds…

A

-addiction is caused by neurology (changes in the brain during heave drug use) and genetic predispositions

26
Q

The learning model of addiction holds…

A

-most kinds of addiction stem from conditions that encourage or discourage drug abuse.

27
Q

Evidence of the learning model includes…

A
  • addiction patterns vary by culture
  • abstinence policies cause abuse to increase
  • many people stop taking drugs without withdrawal symptoms
  • drug abuse depends on the reasons for taking the drug
28
Q

Schizophrenia is a fragmented condition in which words are split from _____, actions are slit from _______, perceptions are split from ______. It is a form of _______, a mental condition that involves distortions of reality and inhibits one’s ability to function in everyday life.

A
  • meaning
  • motives
  • reality
  • psychosis
29
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia include..

A
  • bizarre delusions
  • hallucinations
  • disorganized, incoherent speech
  • disorganized, inappropriate behavior
  • impaired cognitive abilities
30
Q

Schizophrenia involved abnormalities in the _____.

A

-brain

31
Q

It involves a decrease in the volume of the _______ or _______, reduced numbers of neurons in the ______ cortex, and enlargement of _________.

A
  • temporal lobe or hippocampus
  • prefrontal cortex
  • ventricles
32
Q

Causes of schizophrenia include…

A
  • genetic predispositions
  • prenatal problems or birth complications
  • adolescent abnormalities in brain development

Psych101: 11-Psychological Disorders (8 decks)

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