Mood Disorders Flashcards
Are pervasive alterations in emotions that are manifested by depression, mania, or both
Mood Disorders (Affect Disorder)
Are the most common psychiatric diagnoses associated with Suicide
Mood Disorders
In mood disorders, this is considered as the most severe Risk Factor
Suicide
They interfere with persons life plaguing the client with Long Term Sadness, Agitation, or Elation
Mood Disorders
Accompanying self doubt, guilt, and anger that alter life activities especially those that involve self esteem occupation and relationships
Mood Disorders
One of two categories of Mood Disorder
- Major Depressive Disorder only manifests _____
Patient only manifests Depression
What is the common Duration of Major Depressive Illness?
At least 2 weeks in which a person experiences a Depressed Mood or Loss of Pleasure in Nearly All Activities
Give the four identified Symptoms of Major Depressive Illness
- Change in Appetite, Weight, Sleep, or Psychomotor Activity
- Decreased Energy
- Feelings of Worthlessness or Guilt
- Difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions or recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation, plans or attempts
For it to be Determining Manifestations of Mood Disorder, such symptoms must be persistent every____ for __ weeks
Everyday; 2 Weeks
Results in significant distress or impair social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
Some people with combination of Hallucinations and Delusions is referred to as _______
Psychotic Depression
It is diagnosed when person’s mood cycles between extremes of mania and depression
Bipolar Disorder
For patients with Psychosis and Depression, what is our Psychopharmacological Approach?
Antipsychotics & Antidepressants
Is a distinct period during which mood is abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable.
Mania
Typically this period lasts about ___ week/s (unless the person is hospitalized and treated sooner) but it may be longer for some individuals
Mania; 1 Week
Give at least three Accompanying Symptoms of Manic Episodes (there are a total of 7 identified Sx — at least three is indicative of Mania)
- Inflated self esteem or grandiosity
- Decreased need for sleep
- Pressured speech (unrelenting, rapid, often loud talking without pauses)
- Flight of ideas (racing often unconnected thoughts)
- Distractibility
- Increased involvement in goal directed activity or psychomotor activity
- Excessive involvement in pleasure seeking activities with high
Two identified types of Primary Mood Disorders
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Bipolar Disorder
Formerly known as Manic Depressive Illness
Bipolar Disorder
Manic Patients seek what in their activities (they dont mind whatever else happens)
Pleasure
Is a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting ___ days and including three or four of the additional symptoms mentioned earlier
Hypomania; 4 days
Difference between Mania and Hypomania
Hypomania - ADLs are not significantly/not impaired
Mania/Manic Episode - might be some signs of Psychosis; ADLs are impaired
Is when the person experiences both mania and depression nearly everyday for at least ___ week/s.
Mixed Episode
This mixed episode are called ____
Rapid Cycling
Bipolar Disorders are described as follows; for the purposed of Medical Dx
Bipolar I - one or more manic or mixed episodes usually accompanied by depressive episodes
Bipolar II - one or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode
People with Bipolar Disorder may experience _____ or _____ Mood and Affect between episodes or they may have a _____ mood swing after a _____ Episode before returning to euthymic mood
Euthymic or Normal Mood and Affect; Depressed Mood Swing
A medical diagnosis of of Bipolar Disorder wherein there is one or more manic or mixed episodes usually accompanied by major depressive episode
Bipolar I
Is CHA by 2 years of numerous periods of both hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for bipolar disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder
Common causes of substance-induced mood disorder
Heroin, Amphetamines, Shabu
Is CHA by at least 2 years of depressed mood for more days than not with some additional, less severe symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode
Dysthymic Disorder
Is CHA by prominent and persistent disturbance in mood that is judged to he a direct physiologic consequence of a medical condition such as degenerative neurologic conditon
Mood Disorder due to a General Medical Condition
Are frequent normal experience after delivery of a baby
**Post Partum or Maternity Blues*
Onset of Maternity Blues
Right after the Delivery
What are the characteristics of Post Partum or Maternity Blues
- Labile Mood and Affect
- Crying Spells
- Sadness
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
NOTE: no need for medication; mother can recover for hormonal changes will gradually return to normal
The type of depression for Post Partum Depression is similar to that of ____
Major Depression
Onset of Postpartum Depression
Within 4 Weeks of Delivery
Onset of Postpartum Psychosis
Within 3 Weeks of Delivery
This type of Postpartum Mood Disorder meets all the criteria for a Major Depressive Episode with an onset of Within 4 Weeks of Delivery
Postpartum Depression
Another Neurotransmitter wherein the patient are showing aggressive behavior, being manic, and excessively active;
Norepinephrine;
Patients have bo control over their Impulses
A type of Postpartum Mood Disorder that is a psychotic episode developing within 3 weeks of delivery and beginning with fatigue, sadness, emotional liability, poor memory and confusion
Under Biological Theories — this Implicates transmission of major depression in the 1st degree relatives who have twice the risk of developing depression
Genetic Studies
Under Biological Theories — the focus is on Serotonin and Norepinephrine — the two major biogenic amines implicated in mood disorders
Neurochemical Theories
Mania displayed by these clients involves more Agitation than Elation; Clients may respond better to ______ than to Lithium
Anticonvulsants
It was found out that people with both problems have a higher rate of _____ and _____ Cycling, ______ Response to Lithium, _____ Rate of Recovery and more ______ Admissions
Higher Rate of MIXED and RAPID Cycling, POORER RESPONSE to Lithium, SLOWER Rate of Recovery and more HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS
Markowitz and Milrod; Indications of a Genetic Overlap between Early ______ and Early ______
Early Onset of Bipolar Disorder & Early Onset Alcoholism
Roles of SEROTONIN in Behavior; there are 4 first identified)
Mood, Activity, Aggressiveness and Irritability
Is the process by which seizure activity in a specific area of the brain is initially stimulated by reaching a threshold of the cumulative effects of Stress, low amount of electric impulses or chemicals such as cocaine that sensitize nerve cell pathways
Kindling Process
These highly sensitized pathways respond by no longer needing the stimulus to induce seizure activity, which now occur spontaneously;
It is theorized that Kindling may underlie the Cycling of Mood Disorders as well as _____
Kindling Process;
Addiction
This process stimulate the Patients to be aggressive
Kindling Process
One of the treatments of Kindling Process; this may explain their efficacy in the treatment of bipolar disorder
Anticonvulsants
Dysregulation of _____ and _____ also are being studies in relation to Mood Disorders
Acetylcholine & Dopamine
These drugs may alter Mood, Sleep, Neuroendocrine Function and the Electroencephalographic Pattern:
Therefore acetylcholine seems to be implicated in Depression and Mania
Cholinergic Drugs
Hormonal fluctuations are being studies in relation to depression
Neuroendocrinal Influences
Cultural Considerations
Typically it involves 2 or more weeks of sad mood or lack of interest in life activities with at least four other symptoms of depression such as Anhedonia, and changes in weight, sleep, energy, concentration, decision making, self-esteem, and goals
Major Depressive Disorder
It is twice as common in women and has a 1.5 to 3 times greater incidence in 1st degree relatives than in the general population
Major Depressive Disorder
Incidence of Depression decreases with ____ in Women, and increases with Age in ____
Age; Men
____ and ____ People have the Highest Incidence
Single and Divorced People
In ____ boys and girls, it occurs at an equal rate
Untreated episode of depression can last ___ to ___ Months before remitting
6 to 24 Months
____ to ____ % of people who have one episode of depression will have another
50-60 % of People
After a second episode of depression, there is a __ % chance of Recurrence
70 % Chance of Recurrence
Depressive Symptoms can vary from ___ to ___
Mild to Severe
The degree of depression is comparable with the person sense of ____ and ____
Helplessness and Hopelessness
Some people with severe depression (___%) have ____ Features
9%; Psychotic Features
Give the four Major Categories of Antidepressants for Psychopharmacological Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder
- Cyclic Antidepressants
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
- SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
- Atypical Antidepressants
The choice of which antidepressant to use is based on what factors?
- Presenting Symptoms
- Age
- Physical Health Needs
- Drugs that have or have not worked in the past or that have worked for a blood relative in blood
Researchers believe that the level of neurotransmitters, esp. ____ and ___ are decreased in Depression
Serotonin & Norepinephrine
Few relapse occur in client who receive ___ to ___ months of Antidepressant Therapy
18 - 24 Months of Antidepressant Therapy
Common SSRI for Major Depressive Disorder
Risperdal / Risperidone
If you are conducting NPI, is it proper to ask the Patient if they have Suicidal Thoughts?
Yes, it is Therapeutic because it will help explore the Patient’s Feelings and Current Condition
