Mood Disorders

Question 1

What are the 2 primary or marked symptoms of depression?

Answer 1

Depressed mood
Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities

Question 2

Persistent Depression is depression lasting for more than __________

Answer 2

2 years

Question 3

Double depression is having ___________ + episode of ___________

Answer 3

Persistent depression + major depression episode

Question 4

A patient has a depressive disorder when the depression affects his or her _________________

Answer 4

Activities of daily living

Question 5

Depression is diagnosed if depression symptoms lasts for at least _ weeks

Answer 5

2 weeks

Question 6

Monoamine hypothesis as one of the biological causes of depression refers to the abnormality in the monoamine neurotransmitters like:

Answer 6

norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

Question 7

The neuroendocrine dysregulation in the biological etiology of depression is about patients having (underactive/overactive) HPA, where depressed patients have (hypo/hypercortisolemia)

As a result, they have (increased/decreased) inhibitory serotonin tone, (increased/decreased) drive from norepinephrine, ACh or CRH; or (increased/decreased) feedback inhibition from the hippocampus

Answer 7

Overactive
Hypercortisolemia
Decreased
Increased
Decreased

Question 8

Depressive disorders are associated with (increased/decreased) lymphocyte proliferations in response to mitogens

Answer 8

Decreased

Question 9

T/F: Stress from first depression can cause decrease in size and functioning of some parts of the brain

Answer 9

T

Question 10

Classic presentation of a depressed patient:

Answer 10

Person with:
stooped posture
Decreased movement
Downward averted gaze

Question 11

T/F: Lack of the classic presentations of a depressed patient implies that a patient has no disorder

Answer 11

F
does not imply

Question 12

Some of the neurovegetative symptoms of depression include: insomnia, (early/late) morning awakening, worse depression in the (AM/PM)

Answer 12

Early morning awakening
Worse depression in the AM

Question 13

Features of Major depressive disorder

1. Reflects severe disease and a poor prognosticating factor
2. Severe anhedonia; associated with changes in ANS and endocrine functions
3. Reverse of the neurovegetative symptoms
4. Stupor, extreme withdrawal, blunted affect, marked psychomotor retardation as hallmark symptoms
5. Onset of symptoms within 4 weeks postpartum
6. Depressive episodes occurring during a particular season

a. Postpartum
b. Atypical
c. Seasonal
d. Melancholic
e. Catatonic
f. Psychotic

Answer 13

1. Psychotic
2. Melancholic
3. Atypical
4. Catatonic
5. Postpartum
6. Seasonal

Question 14

Diagnosis of Major depressive episode includes having __ or more symptoms present on the same __ week period, with at least one of the symptoms being ___ or ___

Answer 14

5
2 week period
depressed mood or lost of interest/pleasure

Question 15

What are the goals of pharmacological treatment of depression?

Answer 15

• Reduce and ultimately remove all signs and symptoms of the depressive disorder
  -Revive the ability to fulfill one’s responsibilities
  -Reduce the risk of recurrence of symptoms

Question 16

Dysthymia is the presence of depressive symptoms that are (more/less) severe than those of major depressive disorder

Answer 16

less severe

Question 17

This acute treatment for depression is a mood stabilizer
Used to augment standard antidepressant response in acute major depression in those who have had inadequate response to therapy

Answer 17

Lithium

Question 18

Imipramine, Trimipamine, and Clomipramine are examples of:

a. Tricyclic antidepressants
b. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
c. Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
d. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 18

a. Tricyclic Antidepressants

Question 19

fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline are examples of:

a. Tricyclic antidepressants
b. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
c. Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
d. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 19

d. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

Question 20

Phenelizine, Tranylcypromine, seligine are examples of:
a. Tricyclic antidepressants
b. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
c. Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
d. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 20

b. MAOIs

Question 21

Duloxetine, venlafaxine, and levomilnacipran are examples of:

a. Tricyclic antidepressants
b. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
c. Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
d. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 21

c. SNRIs

Question 22

T/F: All available antidepressants are equally effective.

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Tricyclics and tetracyclics are (most/least) lethal when taken in overdoses, (most/least) safe cardiac wise, (increased/decreased) risk for hypotension

Dosage is __ mg, _x a day

Answer 23

Most lethal
Least safe
Increased risk

Dosage- 25 mg, 3x a day

Question 24

True improvement occurs after ________ of treatment

Answer 24

2-4 weeks

Question 25

T/F: If the patient is still not doing well after 2 weeks, increasing dosage is unnecessary

Answer 25

T

Question 26

This SSRI has most consistently demonstrated effectiveness in reducing symptoms of depressive disorder in both children and adolescents

Answer 26

Fluoxetine

Question 27

T/F: TCAs are the reasonable alternatives for persons who cannot tolerate adverse effects of the SSRI

Answer 27

T

Question 28

T/F: MAOIs are mainly for use in treatment resistant case

Answer 28

T

Question 29

Central features of mania

Answer 29

Overactivity Elevated or irritable mood Self-important ideas

Question 30

Bipolar I disorder can be preceded or maybe followed by __________

Answer 30

hypomaniac or major depressive episodes

Question 31

Criteria for manic episode: __ or more of the symptoms for at least _____

Answer 31

3 or more 1 week

Question 32

T/F: at least 1 lifetime manic episode is required for diagnosis of BD1

Answer 32

T

Question 33

T/F: An episode of mania is associated with an unequivocal change in functioning that is uncharacteristic of the individual when not symptomatic

Answer 33

F Hypomanic

Question 34

T/F: Hypomanic episodes are not required for the diagnosis of BD1

Answer 34

T

Question 35

Requirements of bipolar II disorder

Answer 35

at least 1 major depressive episode at least 1 hypomanic episode NO history of mania

Question 36

Cyclothymic disorder is given to adults who experience at least __ years of both _______ and _______ without fulfilling criteria for other disorders In children and adolescents, only __ year of symptoms is needed for diagnosis

Answer 36

2 years hypomanic and depressive episodes 1 year for children and adolescents

Question 37

T/F Symptoms of cyclothymic disorder must be present for at least half the time and the individual has not been without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time

Answer 37

T

Question 38

Mean age onset of bipolar disorders T/F: prevalence in men and women is the same ave length of a manic episode T/F: older age, more episodes, less interval

Answer 38

21 yo T 6 months T

Question 39

All second generation antipsychotics except ______ can be used to treat symptoms of acute mania

Answer 39

Clozapine

Question 40

T/F: ___ and ____ supplemented with benzodiazepines may suffice in treating milder cases of bipolar disorder

Answer 40

lithium and valproic acid