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psych 2 > Mood disorders > Flashcards

Mood disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are mood/affective disorders?

A

Main change is in affect/mood to depression/elation

Recurrent + related to stressful events

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2
Q

What causes mania/bipolar?

A

Chemical imbalances in brain, trauma and genetics

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3
Q

Symptoms of mania/bipolar?

A

Decreased need for sleep with increased energy
Distractibility
Grandiosity
Racing thoughts
Increased talkativeness
Increased goal-directed activities
Impulsive behaviour

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4
Q

How to diagnose mania/bipolar? (manic episode)

A

Euphoric/irritable mood + >=3 of the symptoms

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5
Q

What is type 1 bipolar disorder?

A

Symptoms present for minimum 1 week + notable functional impairment

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6
Q

What is a hypomanic episode?

A

Symptoms present for a minimum of 4 days + without notable functional impairment

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7
Q

What is type 2 bipolar disorder?

A

Hypomanic episodes + at least one major depressive episode

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8
Q

What is unspecified bipolar disorder?

A

Manic symptoms occur for less than 4 days OR other thresholds not met fir manic/hypomanic episodes

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9
Q

What are other causes for a manic episode?

A

Psychotic features are present
Patient is hospitalised

Fast track to notable functional impairment

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10
Q

Bipolar 1 vs 2?

A

Bipolar 1 has much bigger highs (manic episodes)

Both forms, majority of time patients have disordered mood (it is depressive>manic)

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11
Q

Bipolar vs unipolar illness?

A

Bipolar:
Late teens
Short, recurrent depressive episodes

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12
Q

What is unipolar disorder?

A

Depression

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13
Q

Main theory on depression?

A

Monoamine deficiency= functional deficit of central monoamine (NT/serotonin) transmission

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14
Q

Organic causes of depression?

A

Cushings
Hypothyroidism
Severe anaemia
Diabetes
Personal factors

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15
Q

Core symptoms of depression?

A

Anergia (low energy)
Anhedonia (less pleasure in things you used to enjoy)
Low mood

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16
Q

Biological symptoms of depression?

A

Weight loss
Low libido
Waking up early in the morning
Sleep disturbances
Psychomotor

17
Q

Cognitive symptoms of depression?

A

Reduced memory and concentration (Almost brain fog)
Guilt
Low self esteem
Bleak future (no hope for future)
Self harm

18
Q

Signs of depression?

A

Unkempt
Poor eye contact
Slow speech
Good insight

19
Q

When can you diagnose depression?

A

Need to have required signs and symptoms for at least 2 weeks

20
Q

What are the 3 severity levels of depression?

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe

21
Q

What is mild depression?

A

2 core symptoms + 2 additional symptoms

22
Q

What is moderate depression?

A

2 core symptoms + 3 additional symptoms

23
Q

What is severe depression?

A

2 core symptoms + 4 additional symptoms

24
Q

Management of mild/moderate depression?

A

Alter lifestyle (sleep hygiene, adopt more healthy lifestyle)

25
Q

Management of more severe depression?

A

CBT in person, help courses, social prescribing, give medication if patients want it but otherwise it is not first line

26
Q

What is the first line medication for depression?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (sertraline)

27
Q

What are alternatives to SSRIs?

A

SNRIs
Tricyclic antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Atypical antidepressants

28
Q

What medication if effective for patients not eating well because of depression?

A

Mirtazapine as it increases appetite

29
Q

What is refractory depression?

A

Depression that does not respond to treatment

30
Q

What treatment is used for refractory depression?

A

Electroconvulsive therapy
Ketamine

31
Q

Effect of tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Block NA and serotonin reuptake
Improves mood

32
Q

Effect of MAO inhibitors?

A

Increases stores of NA and serotonin
Improves mood

33
Q

Effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibition
Improves mood

34
Q

Effect of electroconvulsive therapy?

A

Increases CNS responses to NA and serotonin
Improves mood

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