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Psychology > Mood disorders > Flashcards

Mood disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Depression?
“SIG E CAPS”

A

Sleep disturbances
Interest loss
Guilt or worthlessness
Energy decreased
Concentration deficit
Appetite disturbances
Psychomotor retardation
Suicidal thoughts

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2
Q

Diagnostic criteria for manic episodes?
“DIG FAST”

A

Distractibility
Irresponsibility
Grandiosity (grandmaster)
Fast ideas (thinking)
Agitation
Sleep isn’t needed
Talkative

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3
Q

What medical conditions related to depression?

A

Stroke, MI
DM, Cushing syndrome
Parkinson’s, Cancer

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4
Q

What substances induce depression?

A

Alcohol, anticonvulsants, anti-psychotics, stimulants withdrawal (cocaine).

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5
Q

What medical conditions related to manic episodes?
What substances induce mania?

A

Hyperthyroidism, temporal lobe seizure, HIV, MS.
- Substances: anti-depressants, sympathomimetics, stimulants (cocaine).

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6
Q

What is the prevalence of depression?

A

12% of the population

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7
Q

Regarding criteria, what is the duration, severity and function impairment thats required for MDD Dx?

A
  • Duration: episodes for at least two weeks
  • Severity: 5/9 of the criteria must include depressive mood and loss of interest
  • Impairment: negatively affect daily life
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8
Q

Characteristics of depression with atypical features?

A

Hyperphagia
Hypersomnia
Leaden paralysis (heavy limbs)

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9
Q

Subtypes of depression?

A
  • Postpartum (onset is peripartum)
  • MDD with psychotic features (hallucinations or delusions)
  • MDD with seasonal pattern (related to decreased exposure to sun in winter season)
  • Depression with atypical features
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10
Q

SSRI ADRs?

A
  • Insomnia (use daylight)
  • GI upset (use after food)
  • Withdrawal symptoms and relapse (no addiction)
  • Transient anxiety
  • Headaches
  • Transient sexual dysfunction
  • Anorexia and weight loss
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11
Q

What are the non-pharmacological treatment for depression?

A
  • Lifestyle modifications (physical activity + deep breathing test)
  • Psychotherapy (CBT, interpersonal therapy, talk therapy)
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12
Q

What are the first line of antidepressants for depression?

A

SSRI (Cipralex)

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13
Q

What are the antidepressants options for depression?

A
  • SSRI
  • SNRIs (venlafaxine)
  • TCA
  • MAOI
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14
Q

What are the ADRs of TCA?

A

Arrhythmia
Prolonged QT
Weight gain

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15
Q

What are the ADRs of MAOIs?

A

Orthostatic hypotension
HTN crisis

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16
Q

When to do Electroconvulsive therapy in depressed patient?

A
  • Unresponsive to medications
  • Can’t tolerate medications
  • Extremely safe procedures (ADRs caused by anesthesia)
17
Q

When to avoid Electroconvulsive therapy?

A
  • Severe CV disease
  • Recent MI/Stroke
  • Space occupying lesion
  • Unstable aneurysms
18
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for Persistent depressive disorder?

A
  • Depressed mood >/- 2 years
  • Never without symptoms for 2 months during the two years
    + 2 or more of these symptoms:
  • Poor concentration
  • Hopelessness
  • Insomnia or hypersomnia
  • Low energy or fatigue
  • Low self esteem
19
Q

What are the sleep disturbances in MDD?

A
  • Difficulty initiating sleep
  • Multiple awakening
  • Early morning awaking
20
Q

What is the difference between mania and hypomania?

A

Mania:
- Last 7 days followed by hypomania or depressed mood
- Severe social / occupational impairment
- MUST hospitalize patient
- +/- psychotic symptoms
Hypomania:
- 4-6 days
- no the other things

21
Q

What is the prevalence of bipolar disorder among population?

A

1-2%
*Bipolar has the strongest genetic link among other diseases

22
Q

What is the management of bipolar disorder?

A
  • Mood stabilizer (Lithium, valproic acid)
  • CBT
  • ECT if medication failed
23
Q

What is the investigation needed before starting Lithium?

A
  • CBC
  • LFT, RFT, TFT
  • ECG, electrolytes
  • Pregnancy test**
24
Q

What is the complication of lithium in pregnant woman, how to avoid?

A

Ebstein anomaly (congenital heart defect)
- Stop the medication 1 month before planning pregnancy

25
Q

What is the normal, toxic and lethal levels of lithium in blood?

A

Normal: 0.6 - 1.2
Toxic: >1.5
Lethal: >2
* Lithium blood level must be checked 5 days after taking it.

26
Q

What are the ADRs of lithium?

A
  • GI disturbances (take it after food)
  • Sedation (taken before sleep)
  • Metallic taste & dry mouth
  • Tremor
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Weight gain (increases appetite)
  • Diabetes insipidus (polyuria/dipsia)
  • ECG changes

Psychology (9 decks)

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