Mood Disorders Flashcards
According to the DSM-IV, a person May be diagnosed with Bipolar 1 disorder under what circumstances?
If they have had a single manic episode
If there most recent episode is a hypo maniac, manic, mixed, or depressed
According to the DSM-IV, a person may be diagnosed with bipolar 2 disorder under what circumstances?
If they have a current episode of hypo mania or of depression
Are mood disorders polygenic?
Yes
Are mood disorders multifactorial?
Yes
Which biomarkers are involved in mood disorders?
G72/G30, neutrophic factor, GRK3
Neuroimage studies of mood disorders involve what?
Cortical/thalamus/lymbic circuit mainly hippocampus
The amygdala is the..
Aversion center
The nucleus accumbens is the..
Gratification center
If the amygdala is stimulated what would the sítieme feel?
Fear
If the nucleus accumbens is stimulated, what would the patient feel?
Joy pleasure
If the amygdala has a lesion, what behaviors would the patient exhibit?
Placidity, hyperorality, hypermetamorphosis, hyperphagia, hyper sexuality
If the nucleus accumbens of a patient is lesioned, what behaviors would the patient exhibit?
Addiction, impulsive behavior
What is the principal neurotransmitter (s) in the amygdala?
Glutamate, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine
What are the neurotransmitters in the nucleus accumbens?
Dopamine»_space; serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, glutamate
Which drugs are common triggers for depression?
Antihypertensives and antiarrythmics
Iatrogenic depression may be induced in the course of…
Glucocorticoids, antimicrobials, analgesics, antiparkinsoniasms and drugs for seizures
Tricyclic antidepressants are contraindicated in people with what condition?
Bundle branch block
Depression can increase the risk of what?
Coronary artery disease
Are most drugs capable of inducing depression?
Yes
What depression medication is indicated for patients with Heart failure?
SSRI because they do not interfere with anticoagulants
What other medical conditions are related with depression?
cancer, stroke, Parkinson’s and also diabetes mellitus
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors will induce what?
Hypoglycemia and increased body weight
Tricyclic antidepressants will induce what?
Hyperglycemia and increased cravings for carbohydrates
SSRI’s …
Decrease fast glycemia and are easiest to use and frequently improve compliance to diet and drug therapy
Hypothyroidism is often associated with what?
Depression and memory disorders
People with HIV also can suffer form what?
depression
Alfa interferon treatment in HIV patients may do what?
Worsen the disease
Chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia have a deep relation with…
Depression and anxiety which may respond to anticonvulsants such as pregabaline
Patients with bipolar disorders have abnormalities that are secondary to their brian disorders such as…
Alzheimer’s disease or to the effects of long term drug treatment
The Rajkiwska article suggests what?
that people with bipolar disorder have a reduction in neuronal and glial density in specific frontal brain regions
Which drugs are indicated for the mania or mixed features of bipolar disorder?
Lithium, carbamazepine, divalprolex, lamotrigine
Which drug is good for its anti suicidal effects in patients with bipolar disorder?
Lithium
What is the age on onset for bipolar disorder?
Around age 20
The first episode of bipolar disorder is usually
Depressive
Either bipolar 1 or 2 depressive episodes are
Considerable longer than manic or hypo maniac
What other disorders coexist with bipolar disorder?
Anxiety, substance use, personality disorders, ADHD,
People who are bipolar experience change in…
Thought patterns (religious, disjoint, creative, flight of ideas, racing thoughts)
People with bipolar disorder develop what?
Psychosis
People with bipolar disorder have impaired…
Judgment (lack of insight, impulsiveness, hyper sexuality)
People with bipolar disorder experience what?
mood changes (expansive mood, grandiosity)
People with bipolar disorder have speech
Disruptions (clang association, pressured speech)
People with bipolar disorder have suden changes in…
Energy and activity (restless, decreased sleep , goal oriented activities )
