Focal Brain Lesions Flashcards
Focal brain lesions are a
Acute localized neurological deficit
Focal brain lesions can be
Transient or permanent
What is the most common cause of focal brain lesions in adults and children?
Adults -vascular cause
Children -brain tumors
The secondary area of a part of the brain is in charge of what? ( ex: secondary visual area, secondary sensory and motor area)
Association
Which are the broadman areas of the visual part of the brain?
17,18 & 19
Which are the broadman areas of the associative visual part of the brain?
7 and 39
What is a transient ischemic attack?
A neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia without the acute infarction
What urgent diagnostic evaluations must be performed in a patient who suffered from a TIA?
Brian imaging, preferably diffusion weighted MRI, within 24 hours of symptom onset and cervicales vascular imaging (Doppler ultrasonography, CT or magnetic resonance angiography)
What is the treatment for a TIA?
Antithrombotic therapy for noncardioembolic transient ischemic attack or anti coagulation for cardioembolic transient ischemic attack
Interventional procedures
Antihypertensive therapy and lipid modification
Control of diabetes mellitus
Lifestyle modifications: smoking cessation, weight loss, increased physical activity, and improved diet
What is a stroke?
An interruption of blood flow to the brain
A stroke can be caused by what?
A blood clot (thrombus) , an embolism or a rupture of a vessel (hemorrhage)
What is the most frequent cause of a hemorrhage?
Hypertension followed by an aneurysm and a malformation
What happens during a brain infarction?
there is an inappropriate liberation of excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamate) that increases Ca+ intake by glutamate receptors (NMDA)
What is the area of penumbra?
The are surrounding an ischemic area
What is focal ischemia?
A localized area that doesn’t received enough blood due to arterial occlusion or hypoperfusion
