Mood Disorders Flashcards
Define mood
temporary mindset that can influence how we understand and process situations
What 4 theories exist surrounding the cause of mood disorders?
- Stems from experiencing particular life events
- Learned behaviors
- Biological dysfunction
- Some reject the notion that depression is an illness
Describe the symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder
- severely low mood
- characterized by anhedonia
- sense of worthlessness and guilt
- changes in appetite
- thoughts of death
- slow movement
How long must symptoms of MDD last to be considered an episode?
at least 2 weeks
in 2017 the prevalence and incidence rates increased among which age group?
all age groups
what % of people were living with depression between 2005 and 2015?
15%
What is the number one cause of disability globally?
depression
What is the Bereavement Exclusion?
- prior to the DSM-5, those exhibiting MD symptoms should be exempt from diagnosis if symptoms occurred shortly after the death of a loved one
why was removing the Bereavement Exclusion from DSM-5 critiqued?
critics worried it may lead to medicalization of grief and over treatment
Describe the symptoms of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
- mood changes
- irritability
- appetite changes
occurs during luteal phase of menstrual cycle
How do you distinguish PMDD and PMS?
- based on severity and impact of daily functioning
Why is the diagnosis of PMDD criticized?
- medicalizes menstruation and stigmatizes women’s bodies
What medication was administered for PMDD? What was it previously called?
Sarafem. Previously Prozac
Describe the symptoms of Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
- similar to MDD but with few symptoms present
- less intense but for a longer period
- symptoms must persist over a period of 2 or more years
Describe the symptoms of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
- applied to children ages 6-18
- exhibited extreme anger or irritability in situations where it’s considered unwarranted
why is DMDD controversial?
- medicalizes normal phases of emotional development among children
Describe the symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
- experience mania and depression
Describe a manic episode, hypomania, and how they differ.
mani episode:
- distinct periods of persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
- lasts at least a week
- decreased need for sleep, inflated self-esteem, excessive involvement in activities with potential negative effects
hypomania:
- milder form of mania
- elevated mood with lesser degree of functional impairment
*mania is more severe and can lead to incarceration and hospitalization
what are the 3 subtypes of BPD?
- Bipolar I- depression and mania
- Bipolar II - hypomania and more severe depression
- Cyclothymic Disorder - milder form of BPD with swings between hypomania and mild depression
What are 3 treatments for mood disorders
- Psychotherapy (CBT)
- Psychopharmaceuticals
- ECT - last resort
What psychotherapy is the best for treating mood disorders and how does it help?
- CBT
- it encourages people to challenge their automatic thoughts and worldviews and alter negative thought patterns that may determine how we feel and behave
What psychopharmaceuticals are used to treat BPD?
- lithium, valproate, carbamazepine
what psychopharmaceuticals are used to treat depression?
- MAOIS, tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIS
