Mood Disorder: Major Depression Flashcards
a pervasive and sustained emotion or feeling
tone which influences a person’s behavior as well as
his or her perception of the world.
Mood
3 components of mood
Feeling
Perception
Bhvr
external expression of mood
Affect
currently known as
schizophrenia or psychotic disorders
Dementia Praecox
How can chronic depression lead to suicide attempts biologically?
chronicity may be attributed to the loss of
neuronal connections. The hippocampus also
shrinks, thus the suicide attempts.
Monoamines involved in depression
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Most prominent neurotransmitter involved in depression
5 HIAA (5- hydroxyindole acetic acid)
What is the neurotrophic theory of depression
This believes that main cause of depression is stress where there’s increase in production of cortisol which is deadly to the spines of neurons, in the long run it can lead to shrinkage of hippocampus and eventually depression
This is also called the fertilizer of the brain
BDNF
In the immune cytokine theory it believes that increased cortisol will stop production of what substance?
Brain derived neurotrophic factor
Personalities more prone to depression
OCD, histrionic, borderline
Most powerful predictors of the onset of depressive episode
Recent stressful events
4 key points in the psychodynamic theory
- Disturbances in the infant mother relationship during oral phase
- Can be linked to real or imagined loss
- Introjection of the departed objects is a defense mechanism
- Feelings of anger are directed inward
Cognitive triad of depression
Negative: self perception
View of the future
View of the environment
Life event most associated with the development of
depression:
loss of parent before the age of 11
Environment stressor most associated with onset of
depression is
Loss of a spouse
Duration of depression before it can be considered MDD
2 weeks
3 core symptoms of depression
Depressed mood of the day almost every day
Loss of interest or pleasure from activities that are normally enjoyable
Decreased energy or easily fatigued
What question would you ask for you to rule out bipolar d/o?
Did you before have episodes of
extremely elevated and irritable mood, increased
activity, extreme talkativeness, extreme decreased
need for sleep?
The key distinction between mild and moderate-severe
depression is iThe key distinction between mild and moderate-severe
depression is impairment in a person’s daily activities
The key distinction between mild and moderate-severe
depression is impairment in a person’s daily activities
T or F antidepressants are the first line of treatment in all age group
False: <12: do not prescribe antidepressants
>12: do not consider antidepressants as 1st line
Adults: treat medical condition first before anti_D
Serious and rare side effects of amitriptyline
Cardiac arrhythmia
Mnemonic for depression
SIGECAPS S: Sleep changes I: Interest (loss) G: Guilt E: Energy C: Cognition/concentration A: Appetite P: Psychomotor S: Suicide/ death preocp.
Refers to the presentation of children with persistent
irritability and frequent episodes of extreme behavioral
dyscontrol
DISRUPTIVE MOOD DYSREGULATION DISORDER
Children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder eventually develop what
Unipolar depression or anxiety disorder
Persistent depressive d/o may be considered if the mood disturbance continues for how long?
for at least 2 years in
adults or 1 year in children.
Depressive disorder that begins following ovulation and
remits within a few days of menses with marked impact
on functioning
PREMENSTUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER
