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Natural hazards > Monserrat volcanic eruption 1997 > Flashcards

Monserrat volcanic eruption 1997 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Montserrat located?

A

East- Southeast of Puerto Rico and Southwest of Antigua

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2
Q

What date did the eruption occur?

A

25th June 1997 at 1pm

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3
Q

What areas were effected?

A

The south of Montserrat and Plymouth

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4
Q

What was the VEI

A

3-4

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5
Q

Volcanic shape?

A

Stratovolcano

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6
Q

Eruptive history?

A

The Soufriere hills volcano began its eruption on the 18th July 1995

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7
Q

What’s the climate like?

A

Tropical and mild all year round

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8
Q

What’s the landscape like?

A

Rugged and volcanic, mountainous

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9
Q

What are the Soufriere hills?

A

An active complex stratovolcano, became active in 1995 and continued to erupt ever since

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10
Q

What type of plate boundary is there?

A

Destructive plate boundary, Caribbean and Atlantic plates move together causing a subduction zone.

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11
Q

How many houses were destroyed?

A

100-150 (buried in debris from pyroclastic flow or set alight due to intense heat

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12
Q

How many people were killed?

A

19 (in inclusion zones)

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13
Q

How much of the population were evacuated to the North of the island and put into temporary housing?

A

50%

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14
Q

How many injuries were there?

A

7

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15
Q

What were common injuries?

A

Breathing problems and burns to the nostrils and mouth

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16
Q

We’re there pyroclastic flows?

A

Yes incredibly large pyroclastic flows

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17
Q

What area was abandoned?

A

Plymouth the official capital

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18
Q

What was visibility like?

A

Ash was so thick it was impossible to see the road which was a hazard to the search and rescue team

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19
Q

What happened to aluminium window shutters?

A

They were melted and twisted

20
Q

What happened to food availability long term?

A

Food shortages across the island

21
Q

How long did it take for the island population to decrease by 3000

A

By february 1996

22
Q

What happened to vegetable beds?

A

The soil was baked hard and we’re bare of plants

23
Q

How much did it cost the british government?

A

£56 million

24
Q

How many evacuees moved into temporary housing in the north?

A

1366

25
Q

What went into place to help people’s safety from dangerous areas?

A

Exclusion

26
Q

How were gas emissions measured after the event?

A

Using a spectrometer

27
Q

We’re there helicopter search and rescue?

A

Yes for survivors in the spanish point area

28
Q

What did charities send?

A

Emergency food for farm animals

29
Q

How much money did the UK government send in emergency aid?

A

£17 million

30
Q

What is being put in place instead of Plymouth?

A

Little bay a new town is being constructed as the new capital

31
Q

How much money went toward accommodating 1000 people in the north?

A

£6.5 million

32
Q

What is the economy like in Montserrat?

A

Effectively haltered and hasn’t fully recovered

33
Q

What programme did the UK fund?

A

A crisis programme of action

34
Q

What did red cross fund?

A

Set up temporary schools

35
Q

What happened by 2005?

A

The south of the Island still remained out of bounds

36
Q

What did red cross do for the elderly?

A

Built a home for the elderly

37
Q

The Uk government funded a 3 year re development programme, what did this entail?

A

Houses, schools, medical services, infrastructure, agriculture, and mortgages to start businesses- Cost £122.8 million

38
Q

What was the level of development like?

A

A small island in the developing state

39
Q

What’s the island vulnerable to?

A

Impacts of climate change and volcanic eruption in the Soufriere hills

40
Q

What is still a problem in Montserrat?

A

Small aging population as the only people that stayed were elderly, damage to infrastructure, and inadequate housing

41
Q

What was the population like?

A

Small population of 5,900 people estimated in 2008

42
Q

How prepared was the island?

A

Evacuation of high risk areas took place in 5 minutes as the island is used to frequent eruption

43
Q

Since when was the volcano a threat?

A

Eruption started in 1995 and the volcano has been active ever since

44
Q

What type of lava was there?

A

Andesitic magma, thick lava flows with 15-20% silica, making the lava viscous and the eruption explosive

45
Q

How did GPS help with preparation?

A

Measured ground deformation

46
Q

What does the MVO do? (Montserrat volcano observatory)

A

Plays a key role in monitoring the volcano

Natural hazards (10 decks)

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